FEATURED | Bahrain & ASEAN : The Maturing Partnership

Looking ahead, the future of Bahrain’s cooperation with ASEAN members will depend on both sides’ ability to boost ties not only in political and economic domains, but also in security spheres.

By Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat
Researcher, University of Manchester


 FEATURED | Bahrain & ASEAN : The Maturing Partnership

Throughout the twenty-first century, the inroads made by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries into Southeast Asia have come under increasing scrutiny. Bahrain – unlike the other GCC members – has lacked particularly close ties with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Yet that situation has begun to change significantly in recent years.

Bahrain’s ties with ASEAN countries date back to the 1970s, but official ties were not established until the 1980s and 1990s. ASEAN countries began to realize the benefits they could reap from Bahrain, and – starting with Malaysia in 1974, Thailand in 1977, the Philippines in 1978, Indonesia in 1984, Singapore in 1985, Brunei Darussalam in 1988, Vietnam in 1995, Laos in 2002, and Cambodia in 2009 – they opened official diplomatic missions in Manama. Over time, Bahrain’s government has responded reciprocally.   

Diplomatic contacts between ASEAN states and Bahrain have grown relatively strong. In 2009 the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the member states of ASEAN and the GCC adopted the GCC-ASEAN Joint Vision in Manama. Four years later, the third GCC-ASEAN meeting took place in the Bahraini capital.

Various multilateral and organizational frameworks, including the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC), particularly Muslim-majority Indonesia and Malaysia, the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), and the annual GCC-ASEAN meetings, have strengthened political ties between Southeast Asian states and Bahrain. Numerous political positions embraced by ASEAN members, which often align closely with Manama’s, have further cemented such bonds. In 2011 Malaysia supported Saudi/GCC initiatives with respect to “achieving peace, reconciliation, and long-term stability in Bahrain.” Interestingly, Bahrain’s royal Sunni family reportedly sought Indonesian and Malaysian mercenaries to help counter protestors from Bahrain’s Shi’ite community amid the island nation’s post-2011 political unrest.

Whereas energy largely defines ties between most GCC members and Southeast Asian countries, this sector is far less significant, although not entirely absent, in Bahrain’s relationship with ASEAN. In March 2016, the Bahrain Economic Development Board (EDB), a public agency dealing with attracting foreign investments to the country, and the Malaysia Petroleum Resources Corporation (MPRC) inked an MoU to boost Bahraini-Malaysian cooperation in the oil and natural gas sectors.

It is hardly surprising that energy plays a minor role in Bahraini-Southeast Asian relations given that the island kingdom exports gas and oil on a significantly smaller scale than do other Persian Gulf nations. Given the increasing energy demands in ASEAN markets, however, and growing interest among ASEAN state-owned companies to diversify their sources of energy, this reality may change. At the same time, it is difficult to forecast such future developments, as Bahrain, like other GCC states, is looking at policies aimed to transition away from oil.

Nonetheless, overall trade between Bahrain and ASEAN countries has increased significantly. In 2011 Bahrain’s trade volume with Indonesia surpassed USD 140 million. Although there is a lack of data on Bahrain’s trade with the other ASEAN countries, one can assume that these figures have grown as well for several reasons.   

Southeast Asia, with approximately a USD 2.5 trillion GDP, has become a vital economic point for the Gulf Arab countries. This is largely due to the region’s large dependable consumer markets, with a total population of 620 million and positive long-term prospects rooted in a sustained annual GDP increase of 4.6 percent. This growth shows no signs of decreasing, especially after the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community in late 2015. ASEAN countries are a source of primary resources, especially related to foods, commodities and labor. Meanwhile, for ASEAN governments to invest in Bahrain is beneficial, given that the island kingdom offers 100 percent foreign ownership of businesses with no taxation. Moreover, Bahrain is a relatively untouched, albeit small, consumer market and a hub for economic expansion in the Persian Gulf and the greater Middle East.  

Agriculture has received significant attention from Bahraini investors in recent years. Amid increasing concern about food security in the Gulf region, Bahrain’s government has made strategic investments in ASEAN countries. For instance, it grows bananas on 1,000 hectares of land in the Philippines. Similarly, Thailand, with its substantial amount of arable land, has attracted investments from Bahrain. In fact, in 2012 Manama and Bangkok established a joint steering committee to address food and energy security issues.  

Finance and Islamic banking also play an important role in the development of ties between Bahrain and ASEAN countries, with Malaysia, as the world center for Islamic banking, taking the lead. Several Bahraini banks have made their way to ASEAN. Bahrain’s Elaf Bank, for instance, started operations in Malaysia after receiving a license in 2011.  In the same year, the Bahrain Financial Exchange and Bursa Malaysia Berhad signed an MoU on Bursa Suq Al Sila, which is a purposefully designed exchanged-traded platform to facilitate commodity Murabahah transactions, through which the two aim to strengthen cross-border financial traffic. This platform has great potential to facilitate liquidity flows from one financial center to another. 

The growth of financial ties between Manama and Kuala Lumpur is not new. In 2001, the Central Bank of Bahrain and the Central Bank of Malaysia signed an MoU to jointly develop Islamic finance on a global scale. The 2009 visit of a Malaysian delegation, led by HRH Raja Dr. Najrin Shah, Crown Prince of the State of Perak and Malaysia’s financial ambassador, further cemented Bahraini-Malaysian relations in the financial sector.

The Central Bank of Bahrain has also worked closely with the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). This cooperation has been accompanied by increasing people-to-people interactions, such as the annual participation of Malaysia in Bahrain’s World Islamic Banking Conference since 2008. Banking officials from Brunei, another one of the region’s Muslim-majority countries, have been making regular visits to Bahrain to learn more about Islamic finance.  

Infrastructure is another area where Bahraini-Southeast Asian cooperation has grown. Several firms, including some Malaysian ones, have already established themselves in Bahrain and have been involved in major projects, such as the building of the Bahrain International Circuit and Bahrain City Centre. Malaysia’s Malakoff Corporation, one of Southeast Asia’s largest independent power producers, has also acquired stakes in Bahrain’s Hidd Power Company.  

Efforts to identify prospects in business ventures, investments, and other areas of collaboration such as the Philippine-Bahrain Business Council (PBBC), the Bahrain-Philippines Business Council (BPBC), Bahrain-Malaysia Business Council, and the Indonesia-Bahrain Business Forum have bolstered economic cooperation between Manama and a host of ASEAN members. The increasing regulatory framework, marked by the conclusion of several agreements, including the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, signed by Manama and Kuala Lumpur in 2010, have accompanied these efforts, enabling authorities in the countries to exchange relevant tax information.

People-to-People Exchanges  

People-to-people exchanges, mainly through migrant labor, have also shaped Bahrain’s ties with ASEAN countries. Although the vast majority of foreign workers in the Gulf state are from the subcontinent, Bahrain has become one of the top destinations for ASEAN workers. Reportedly, 300,000 Indonesians, most of whom are housemaids, live in Bahrain. An increasing number of Filipinos, estimated at over 67,000, have come to the island kingdom. In fact, this growing figure led Manama and Manila to sign an agreement to provide new rights for Filipino maids.   

While clusters of expatriates from other ASEAN states, including Thais and Malaysians, are mostly low-skilled workers, there are also growing numbers of engineers and medical professionals. The number of tourists has also increased during the past several years. Undeniably, the presence of ASEAN people in Bahrain has not only created a strong awareness about the region, but it has also cemented the ties between the Persian Gulf island nation and Southeast Asia.  

In addition to occasional encounters in the realm of sports, there is also educational engagement between Bahrain and ASEAN member states. Bahraini officials have previously discussed the prospect of educational partnership with the government in Manila to build on the achievements of the Philippine School in Bahrain which opened its doors in 1995. Over 233 Bahraini officials have attended courses organized by the Singapore Cooperation Programme in fields including urban development, information technology, and civil aviation. Singapore has also conducted six customized protocol-training courses for officials from Bahrain’s Foreign Ministry and Court of the Crown Prince, complemented by visits and promotions. Several universities from Malaysia participated at Bahrain EDUTEX13 in 2012. In addition, delegates from Songkla University in Thailand have also visited the RSCI Bahrain to promote further educational exchanges. Although relatively limited, education is a vital sphere which Bahrain and ASEAN countries could use to further strengthen their relationship.  

The Bahrainis have also sought to promote goodwill in Southeast Asia through various assistance programs and deals. After Typhoon Haiyaan struck the Philippines in 2014, officials in Manama and Manila signed an agreement to build two vocational training centers and a 500-home residential complex in the most affected areas. Earlier in 2009, Bahrain also donated USD 5.34 million to the victims of tropical storms in the country.  

Meanwhile, Bahraini officials and their ASEAN counterparts are exerting efforts to promote tourism. In 2010, Bahrain and the Philippines inked a deal allowing more flights between the two countries. Talks are also underway to resume flights between Bahrain and Brunei, which were suspended in 1997. These developments will not only allow Bahrain to enter ASEAN’s growing markets and strengthen soft-power ties between the two sides, but will also enhance Manama’s status as the Asian Capital of Tourism in 2014.  

Future  

The future appears promising, especially given ASEAN’s growing economic trajectory.  In fact, even though Bahrain has no official ties with ASEAN periphery countries like Myanmar, this may change. In late 2015, the GCC Secretary General received the Myanmar Ambassador to Saudi Arabia to discuss potential for cooperation. This relationship will undoubtedly brighten the prospects for Bahrain to expand its ties with Myanmar. Manama also has plans to consolidate ties with Cambodia. On the table is an ASEAN-GCC Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which can create many new opportunities for the people of Bahrain and Southeast Asia to grow relations. Yet for these relationships to develop, more work is needed, particularly with respect to direct routes, framework agreements, and the leveraging of cultural and educational partnerships already in place.  

Looking ahead, the future of Bahrain’s cooperation with ASEAN members will depend on both sides’ ability to boost ties not only in political and economic domains, but also in security spheres. In fact, the Singaporean Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defense Teo Chee Hean shared Southeast Asia’s security challenges at the 7th Manama Dialogue in 2010. This exchange of ideas re-affirms that the expansion of potential security and strategic dimensions, among others, should be explored. Furthermore, in order for Bahrain to benefit fully from all that Southeast Asia as a region offers the Gulf Arab nations, Manama must also strengthen ties with periphery countries such as Laos and Vietnam.   

In the words of Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, ASEAN offers Bahrain many “great possibilities and opportunities.” Indeed, as a Bahraini politician once asserted, ASEAN is not only a considerable potential partner, but also a source of inspiration for regional blocs around the world.  

About the Author:

Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat is a researcher at the University of Manchester in the U.K. His research focuses on Asia-Middle East relations.

Gulf State Analytics (@GulfStateAnalyt) originally published this article on June 9, 2016.  

Name

-51,1,3D Technology,2,5G,10,Abkhazia,2,Abortion Laws,1,Academics,11,Accidents,22,Activism,1,Adani Group,7,ADB,13,ADIZ,1,Adults,1,Advertising,31,Advisory,2,Aerial Reconnaissance,13,Aerial Warfare,36,Aerospace,5,Afghanistan,88,Africa,115,Agile Methodology,2,Agriculture,21,AI Policy,1,Air Crash,10,Air Defence Identification Zone,1,Air Defense,7,Air Force,29,Air Pollution,1,Airbus,5,Aircraft Carriers,5,Aircraft Systems,6,Al Nusra,1,Al Qaida,4,Al Shabab,1,Alaska,1,ALBA,1,Albania,2,Algeria,3,Alibaba,1,American History,4,AmritaJash,10,Antarctic,1,Antarctica,1,Anthropology,7,Anti Narcotics,12,Anti Tank,1,Anti-Corruption,4,Anti-dumping,1,Anti-Piracy,2,Anti-Submarine,1,Anti-Terrorism Legislation,1,Antitrust,2,APEC,1,Apple,3,Applied Sciences,2,AQAP,2,Arab League,3,Architecture,3,Arctic,6,Argentina,7,Armenia,31,Army,3,Art,3,Artificial Intelligence,84,Artillery,2,Arunachal Pradesh,2,ASEAN,13,Asia,71,Asia Pacific,24,Assassination,2,Asset Management,1,Astrophysics,2,ATGM,1,Atmospheric Science,1,Atomic.Atom,1,Augmented Reality,8,Australia,58,Austria,1,Automation,13,Automotive,133,Autonomous Flight,2,Autonomous Vehicle,4,Aviation,63,AWACS,2,Awards,17,Azerbaijan,17,Azeri,1,B2B,1,Bahrain,9,Balance of Payments,2,Balance of Trade,3,Bali,1,Balkan,10,Balochistan,2,Baltic,3,Baluchistan,8,Bangladesh,30,Banking,53,Bankruptcy,2,Basel,1,Bashar Al Asad,2,Battery Technology,3,Bay of Bengal,5,BBC,2,Beijing,1,Belarus,3,Belgium,1,Belt Road Initiative,3,Beto O'Rourke,1,BFSI,1,Bhutan,13,Big Data,30,Big Tech,1,Bilateral Cooperation,21,BIMSTEC,1,Biodiversity,1,Biography,1,Biology,1,Biotechnology,4,Birth,1,BISA,1,Bitcoin,11,Black Lives Matter,1,Black Money,3,Black Sea,2,Blockchain,33,Blood Diamonds,1,Bloomberg,1,Boeing,21,Boko Haram,7,Bolivia,7,Bomb,3,Bond Market,3,Book,11,Book Review,24,Border Conflicts,13,Border Control and Surveillance,7,Bosnia,1,Brand Management,14,Brazil,107,Brexit,22,BRI,5,BRICS,20,British,3,Broadcasting,16,Brunei,3,Brussels,1,Buddhism,1,Budget,5,Build Back Better,1,Bulgaria,1,Burma,2,Business & Economy,1273,C-UAS,1,California,5,Call for Proposals,1,Cambodia,7,Cameroon,1,Canada,58,Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS),1,Carbon Economy,9,CAREC,1,Caribbean,10,CARICOM,1,Caspian Sea,2,Catalan,3,Catholic Church,1,Caucasus,9,CBRN,1,Cement,1,Central African Republic,1,Central Asia,82,Central Asian,3,Central Banks,1,Central Eastern Europe,49,Certification,1,Chad,2,Chagos Archipelago,1,Chanakya,1,Charity,2,Chatbots,2,Chemicals,7,Chemistry,1,Child Labor,1,Child Marriage,1,Children,4,Chile,10,China,599,Christianity,1,CIA,1,CIS,5,Citizenship,2,Civil Engineering,2,Civil Liberties,5,Civil Rights,2,Civil Society,5,Civil Unrest,1,Civilization,1,Clean Energy,6,Climate,68,Climate Change,29,Climate Finance,2,Climate Studies,2,Clinical Research,3,Clinton,1,Cloud Computing,46,Coal,6,Coast Guard,3,Cocoa,1,Cognitive Computing,13,Cold War,5,Colombia,16,Commodities,5,Communication,13,Communism,3,Compliance,1,Computers,40,Computing,1,Conferences,2,Conflict,117,Conflict Diamonds,1,Conflict Resolution,49,Conflict Resources,1,Congo,2,Construction,5,Consumer Behavior,4,Consumer Price Index,5,COP26,4,COP28,1,COP29,1,Copper,3,Coronavirus,107,Corporate Communication,1,Corporate Governance,4,Corporate Social Responsibility,4,Corruption,4,Costa Rica,2,Counter Intelligence,15,Counter Terrorism,81,COVID,9,COVID Vaccine,6,CPEC,8,CPG,5,Credit,2,Credit Rating,3,Credit Score,1,Crimea,4,Critical Minerals,1,CRM,1,Croatia,2,Crypto Currency,21,Cryptography,1,CSTO,1,Cuba,7,Culture,5,Currency,9,Customer Exeperience,1,Customer Relationship Management,1,Cyber Attack,10,Cyber Crime,2,Cyber Security & Warfare,118,Cybernetics,5,Cyberwarfare,16,Cyclone,1,Cyprus,5,Czech Republic,5,DACA,1,Dagestan,1,DARPA,3,Data,9,Data Analytics,36,Data Center,4,Data Science,2,Database,3,Daughter.Leslee,1,Davos,1,DEA,1,DeBeers,1,Debt,14,Debt Fund,1,Decision Support System,5,Defense,12,Defense Deals,8,Deflation,1,Deforestation,2,Deloitte,1,Democracy,22,Democrats,2,Demographic Studies,2,Demonetization,6,Denmark. F-35,1,Denuclearization,1,Diamonds,1,Digital,39,Digital Currency,3,Digital Economy,11,Digital Marketing,7,Digital Transformation,11,Diplomacy,14,Diplomatic Row,5,Disaster Management,4,Disinformation,2,Diversity & Inclusion,1,Djibouti,2,Documentary,3,Doklam,2,Dokolam,1,Dominica,2,Donald Trump,55,Donetsk,2,Dossier,2,Drones,14,E-Government,2,E-International Relations,1,Earning Reports,4,Earth Science,2,Earthquake,8,East Africa,2,East China Sea,9,eBook,1,Ebrahim Raisi,1,ECB,1,eCommerce,11,Econometrics,2,Economic Indicator,1,Economic Justice,1,Economics,46,Economy,115,ECOWAS,2,Ecuador,4,Edge Computing,2,Editor's Opinion,61,Education,67,EFTA,1,Egypt,28,Election Disinformation,1,Elections,55,Electric Vehicle,15,Electricity,7,Electronics,9,Elon Musk,1,Emerging Markets,1,Employment,23,Energy,317,Energy Policy,28,Energy Politics,27,Engineering,24,England,2,Enterprise Software Solutions,9,Entrepreneurship,15,Environment,48,ePayments,14,Epidemic,6,ESA,1,Ethiopia,4,Eulogy,4,Eurasia,3,Euro,6,Europe,15,European Union,237,EuroZone,5,Exchange-traded Funds,2,Exclusive,2,Exhibitions,2,Explosives,1,Export Import,6,F-35,6,Facebook,9,Fake News,3,Fallen,1,FARC,2,Farnborough. United Kingdom,2,FATF,1,FDI,6,Featured,1438,Federal Reserve,6,Fidel Castro,1,FIFA World Cup,1,Fiji,1,Finance,19,Financial Markets,60,Financial Planning,1,Financial Statement,2,Finland,5,Fintech,15,Fiscal Policy,14,Fishery,3,Five Eyes,1,Floods,2,Food Security,27,Forces,1,Forecasting,3,Foreign Policy,13,Forex,4,France,37,Free Market,1,Free Syrian Army,4,Free Trade Agreement,1,Freedom,3,Freedom of Press,1,Freedom of Speech,2,French Polynesia,1,Frigate,1,FTC,1,Fujairah,97,Fund Management,1,Funding,23,Future,1,G20,10,G24,1,G7,4,Gaddafi,1,Gambia,2,Gambling,1,Gaming,1,Garissa Attack,1,Gas Price,24,GATT,1,Gaza,16,GCC,11,GDP,14,GDPR,1,Gender Studies,3,Geneal Management,1,General Management,1,Generative AI,9,Genetics,1,Geo Politics,105,Geography,2,Geoint,14,Geopolitics,11,Georgia,12,Georgian,1,geospatial,9,Geothermal,2,Germany,72,Ghana,3,Gibratar,1,Gig economy,1,Glaciology,1,Global Markets,2,Global Perception,1,Global Trade,101,Global Warming,1,Global Water Crisis,11,Globalization,3,Gold,5,Google,20,Gorkhaland,1,Government,129,Government Analytics,1,Government Bond,1,GPS,1,Greater Asia,187,Greece,14,Green Bonds,1,Green Energy,3,Greenland,1,Gross Domestic Product,2,GST,1,Gujarat,6,Gulf of Tonkin,1,Gun Control,4,Hacking,5,Haiti,2,Hamas,12,Hasan,1,Health,8,Healthcare,72,Heatwave,2,Helicopter,12,Heliport,1,Hezbollah,3,High Altitude Warfare,1,High Speed Railway System,1,Hillary 2016,1,Hillary Clinton,1,Himalaya,1,Hinduism,2,Hindutva,4,History,10,Home Security,1,Honduras,2,Hong Kong,7,Horn of Africa,5,Housing,17,Houthi,13,Howitzer,1,Human Development,32,Human Resource Management,5,Human Rights,7,Humanitarian,3,Hungary,3,Hunger,3,Hydrocarbon,3,Hydrogen,5,IAEA,2,ICBM,1,Iceland,2,ICO,1,Identification,2,IDF,1,Imaging,2,IMEEC,2,IMF,77,Immigration,21,Impeachment,1,Imran Khan,1,Independent Media,73,India,693,India's,1,Indian Air Force,19,Indian Army,7,Indian Nationalism,1,Indian Navy,28,Indian Ocean,25,Indices,1,Indigenous rights,1,Indo-Pacific,9,Indonesia,25,IndraStra,1,Industrial Accidents,4,Industrial Automation,2,Industrial Safety,4,Inflation,10,Infographic,1,Information Leaks,1,Infrastructure,3,Innovations,22,Insider Trading,1,Insurance,3,Intellectual Property,3,Intelligence,5,Intelligence Analysis,8,Interest Rate,4,International Business,13,International Law,11,International Relations,9,Internet,53,Internet of Things,35,Interview,8,Intra-Government,5,Investigative Journalism,4,Investment,33,Investor Relations,1,IPEF,1,iPhone,1,IPO,4,Iran,213,Iraq,54,IRGC,1,Iron & Steel,5,ISAF,1,ISIL,9,ISIS,33,Islam,12,Islamic Banking,1,Islamic State,86,Israel,154,ISRO,1,IT ITeS,136,Italy,10,Ivory Coast,1,Jabhat al-Nusra,1,Jack Ma,1,Jamaica,3,Japan,95,JASDF,1,Jihad,1,JMSDF,1,Joe Biden,8,Joint Strike Fighter,5,Jordan,7,Journalism,7,Judicial,4,Julian Assange,1,Justice System,3,Kamala Harris,3,Kanchin,1,Kashmir,10,Kaspersky,1,Kazakhstan,26,Kenya,6,Khalistan,2,Kiev,1,Kindle,700,Knowledge Management,4,Korean Conflict,1,Kosovo,2,Kubernetes,1,Kurdistan,8,Kurds,10,Kuwait,7,Kyrgyzstan,9,Labor Laws,10,Labor Market,4,Ladakh,1,Land Reforms,3,Land Warfare,21,Languages,1,Laos,2,Large language models,1,Laser Defense Systems,1,Latin America,84,Law,6,Leadership,3,Lebanon,12,Legal,11,LGBTQ,2,Li Keqiang,1,Liberalism,1,Library Science,1,Libya,14,Liechtenstein,1,Lifestyle,2,Light Battle Tank,1,Linkedin,1,Lithium,1,Lithuania,1,Littoral Warfare,2,Livelihood,3,Loans,11,Lockdown,1,Lone Wolf Attacks,3,Lugansk,2,Macedonia,1,Machine Learning,8,Madagascar,1,Mahmoud,1,Main Battle Tank,3,Malaysia,12,Maldives,13,Mali,7,Malware,2,Management Consulting,6,Manpower,1,Manto,1,Manufacturing,16,Marijuana,1,Marine Biology,1,Marine Engineering,3,Maritime,51,Market Research,2,Marketing,38,Mars,2,Martech,10,Mass Media,30,Mass Shooting,1,Material Science,2,Mauritania,1,Mauritius,3,MDGs,1,Mechatronics,2,Media War,1,MediaWiki,1,Medical,1,Medicare,1,Mediterranean,12,MENA,6,Mental Health,4,Mercosur,2,Mergers and Acquisitions,19,Meta,3,Metadata,2,Metals,4,Mexico,14,Micro-finance,4,Microsoft,12,Migration,19,Mike Pence,1,Military,113,Military Exercise,12,Military Service,2,Military-Industrial Complex,3,Mining,16,Missile Launching Facilities,6,Missile Systems,58,Mobile Apps,3,Mobile Communications,12,Mobility,4,Modi,8,Moldova,1,Monaco,1,Monetary Policy,6,Money Market,2,Mongolia,11,Monkeypox,1,Monsoon,1,Montreux Convention,1,Moon,4,Morocco,2,Morsi,1,Mortgage,3,Moscow,2,Motivation,1,Mozambique,1,Mubarak,1,Multilateralism,2,Mumbai,1,Muslim Brotherhood,2,Mutual Funds,2,Myanmar,30,NAFTA,3,NAM,2,Namibia,1,Nanotechnology,4,Narendra Modi,4,NASA,14,NASDAQ,1,National Identification Card,1,National Security,5,Nationalism,2,NATO,34,Natural Disasters,16,Natural Gas,33,Natural Language Processing,1,Nauru,1,Naval Aviation,1,Naval Base,5,Naval Engineering,24,Naval Intelligence,2,Naval Postgraduate School,2,Naval Warfare,50,Navigation,2,Navy,23,NBC Warfare,2,NDC,1,Nearshoring,1,Negotiations,2,Nepal,13,Netflix,1,Neurosciences,7,New Caledonia,1,New Delhi,4,New Normal,1,New York,5,New Zealand,7,News,1333,News Publishers,1,Newspaper,1,NFT,1,NGO,1,Nicaragua,1,Niger,3,Nigeria,10,Nikki Haley,1,Nirbhaya,1,Noble Prize,1,Non Aligned Movement,1,Non Government Organization,4,Nonproliferation,2,North Africa,23,North America,56,North Korea,60,Norway,5,NSA,1,NSG,2,Nuclear,41,Nuclear Agreement,32,Nuclear Doctrine,2,Nuclear Energy,7,Nuclear Fussion,1,Nuclear Propulsion,2,Nuclear Security,47,Nuclear Submarine,1,NYSE,2,Obama,3,ObamaCare,2,OBOR,15,Ocean Engineering,1,Oceania,2,OECD,5,OFID,5,Oil & Gas,388,Oil Gas,7,Oil Price,77,Olympics,2,Oman,25,Omicron,1,Oncology,1,Online Education,5,Online Reputation Management,1,OPEC,130,Open Access,1,Open Journal Systems,2,Open Letter,1,Open Source,4,OpenAI,2,Operation Unified Protector,1,Operational Research,4,Opinion,709,Opinon Poll,1,Optical Communications,1,Pacific,5,Pakistan,183,Pakistan Air Force,3,Pakistan Army,1,Pakistan Navy,3,Palestine,27,Palm Oil,1,Pandemic,84,Papal,1,Paper,3,Papers,110,Papua New Guinea,2,Paracels,1,Partition,1,Partnership,1,Party Congress,1,Passport,1,Patents,2,PATRIOT Act,1,Payment Orchestration,1,Peace Deal,6,Peacekeeping Mission,1,Pension,1,People Management,1,Persian Gulf,19,Peru,6,Petrochemicals,1,Petroleum,19,Pharmaceuticals,15,Philippines,19,Philosophy,2,Photos,3,Physics,1,Pipelines,6,PLA,2,PLAN,4,Plastic Industry,2,Poland,8,Polar,1,Policing,1,Policy,8,Policy Brief,6,Political Studies,1,Politics,56,Polynesia,3,Pope,1,Population,7,Portugal,1,Poverty,8,Power Transmission,6,Preprint,1,President APJ Abdul Kalam,2,Presidential Election,35,Press Release,158,Prison System,1,Privacy,18,Private Debt Fund,1,Private Equity,3,Private Military Contractors,2,Privatization,1,Programming,1,Project Management,4,Propaganda,5,Protests,14,Psychology,3,Public Policy,55,Public Relations,1,Public Safety,7,Publications,1,Publishing,8,Purchasing Managers' Index,1,Putin,7,Q&A,1,Qatar,114,QC/QA,1,Qods Force,1,Quad,1,Quantum Computing,4,Quantum Physics,4,Quarter Results,2,Racial Justice,2,RADAR,2,Rahul Guhathakurta,4,Railway,9,Raj,1,Ranking,4,Rape,1,RBI,1,RCEP,2,Real Estate,7,Recall,4,Recession,2,Red Sea,6,Referendum,5,Reforms,18,Refugee,23,Regional,4,Regulations,2,Rehabilitation,1,Religion,1,Religion & Spirituality,9,Renewable,18,Report,4,Reports,54,Repository,1,Republicans,3,Rescue Operation,2,Research,5,Research and Development,25,Restructuring,1,Retail,36,Revenue Management,1,Revenue-based Financing,1,Rice,1,Risk Management,5,Robotics,8,Rohingya,5,Romania,3,Royal Canadian Air Force,1,Rupee,1,Russia,328,Russian Navy,6,Saab,1,Saadat,1,SAARC,6,Safety,1,SAFTA,1,SAM,2,Samoa,1,Sanctions,6,SAR,1,SAT,1,Satellite,14,Saudi Arabia,130,Scandinavia,6,Science & Technology,407,Science Fiction,1,SCO,5,Scotland,6,Scud Missile,1,Sea Lanes of Communications,4,SEBI,4,Securities,2,Security,6,Semiconductor,21,Senate,4,Senegal,1,SEO,5,Serbia,4,Services Sector,1,Seychelles,3,SEZ,1,Shadow Bank,1,Shale Gas,4,Shanghai,1,Sharjah,12,Shia,6,Shinzo Abe,1,Shipping,11,Shutdown,2,Siachen,1,Sierra Leone,1,Signal Intelligence,1,Sikkim,5,Silicon Valley,1,Silk Route,6,Simulations,2,Sinai,1,Singapore,17,Situational Awareness,20,Small Modular Nuclear Reactors,1,Smart Cities,7,Smartphones,1,Social Media,1,Social Media Intelligence,40,Social Policy,40,Social Science,1,Social Security,1,Socialism,1,Sociology,1,Soft Power,1,Software,8,Software Engineering,1,Solar Energy,17,Somalia,5,South Africa,20,South America,55,South Asia,498,South China Sea,36,South East Asia,84,South Korea,68,South Sudan,4,Sovereign Wealth Funds,1,Soviet,2,Soviet Union,9,Space,47,Space Station,3,Spaceflight,1,Spain,9,Special Education,1,Special Forces,1,Sports,3,Sports Diplomacy,1,Spratlys,1,Sri Lanka,26,Stablecoin,1,Stamps,1,Startups,43,State,1,State of the Union,1,Statistics,1,STEM,1,Stephen Harper,1,Stock Markets,29,Storm,2,Strategy Games,5,Strike,1,Sub-Sahara,4,Submarine,16,Sudan,6,Sunni,6,Super computing,1,Supply Chain Management,48,Surveillance,13,Survey,5,Sustainable Development,18,Swami Vivekananda,1,Sweden,4,Switzerland,6,Syria,114,Taiwan,34,Tajikistan,12,Taliban,17,Tamar Gas Fields,1,Tamil,1,Tanzania,4,Tariff,5,Tata,3,Taxation,25,Tech Fest,1,Technology,13,Tel-Aviv,1,Telecom,24,Telematics,1,Territorial Disputes,1,Terrorism,78,Testing,2,Texas,3,Thailand,12,The Middle East,665,Think Tank,317,Tibet,3,TikTok,2,Tim Walz,1,Tobacco,1,Tonga,1,Total Quality Management,2,Town Planning,3,TPP,2,Trade Agreements,14,Trade War,10,Trademarks,1,Trainging and Development,1,Transcaucasus,22,Transcript,4,Transpacific,2,Transportation,47,Travel and Tourism,16,Tsar,1,Tunisia,7,Turkey,75,Turkmenistan,10,U.S. Air Force,3,U.S. Dollar,2,UAE,140,UAV,23,UCAV,1,Udwains,1,Uganda,1,Ukraine,117,Ukraine War,30,Ummah,1,UNCLOS,7,Unemployment,2,UNESCO,1,UNHCR,1,UNIDO,2,United Kingdom,86,United Nations,29,United States,788,University and Colleges,4,Uranium,2,Urban Planning,10,US Army,12,US Army Aviation,1,US Congress,1,US Dollar,1,US FDA,1,US Navy,18,US Postal Service,1,US Senate,1,US Space Force,2,USA,16,USAF,22,USV,1,UUV,1,Uyghur,3,Uzbekistan,13,Valuation,1,Vatican,3,Vedant,1,Venezuela,22,Venture Capital,4,Vibrant Gujarat,1,Victim,1,Videogames,1,Vietnam,26,Virtual Reality,7,Vision 2030,1,VPN,1,Wahhabism,3,War,1,War Games,1,Warfare,1,Water,18,Water Politics,8,Weapons,11,Wearable,2,Weather,2,Webinar,1,WeChat,1,WEF,3,Welfare,1,West,2,West Africa,19,West Bengal,2,Western Sahara,2,Whales,1,White House,1,Whitepaper,2,WHO,3,Wholesale Price Index,1,Wikileaks,2,Wikipedia,3,Wildfire,1,Wildlife,3,Wind Energy,1,Windows,1,Wireless Security,1,Wisconsin,1,Women,10,Women's Right,14,Workers Union,1,Workshop,1,World Bank,40,World Economy,33,World Peace,10,World War I,1,World War II,3,WTO,6,Wyoming,1,Xi Jinping,9,Xinjiang,2,Yemen,29,Yevgeny Prigozhin,1,Zbigniew Brzezinski,1,Zimbabwe,2,
ltr
item
IndraStra Global: FEATURED | Bahrain & ASEAN : The Maturing Partnership
FEATURED | Bahrain & ASEAN : The Maturing Partnership
Looking ahead, the future of Bahrain’s cooperation with ASEAN members will depend on both sides’ ability to boost ties not only in political and economic domains, but also in security spheres.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijewzRere7JvoEjai1G7FLAZ2YhRQ3V9vOlttWs0-P3XMfkt1CvOi7WVmXDsHKSgGve7KdMFLqEZulH0A5dv-nGiz0l7Ck_on9XyjFqdCIqN6soP_-AqnpP_dnKqhS1a3WgAQvg4G1Ph_-/s640/Pictures2-004.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijewzRere7JvoEjai1G7FLAZ2YhRQ3V9vOlttWs0-P3XMfkt1CvOi7WVmXDsHKSgGve7KdMFLqEZulH0A5dv-nGiz0l7Ck_on9XyjFqdCIqN6soP_-AqnpP_dnKqhS1a3WgAQvg4G1Ph_-/s72-c/Pictures2-004.jpg
IndraStra Global
https://www.indrastra.com/2016/06/FEATURED-Bahrain-ASEAN-002-06-2016-0024.html
https://www.indrastra.com/
https://www.indrastra.com/
https://www.indrastra.com/2016/06/FEATURED-Bahrain-ASEAN-002-06-2016-0024.html
true
1461303524738926686
UTF-8
Loaded All Posts Not found any posts VIEW ALL Readmore Reply Cancel reply Delete By Home PAGES POSTS View All RECOMMENDED FOR YOU LABEL ARCHIVE SEARCH ALL POSTS Not found any post match with your request Back Home Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat January February March April May June July August September October November December Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec just now 1 minute ago $$1$$ minutes ago 1 hour ago $$1$$ hours ago Yesterday $$1$$ days ago $$1$$ weeks ago more than 5 weeks ago Followers Follow THIS PREMIUM CONTENT IS LOCKED STEP 1: Share to a social network STEP 2: Click the link on your social network Copy All Code Select All Code All codes were copied to your clipboard Can not copy the codes / texts, please press [CTRL]+[C] (or CMD+C with Mac) to copy Table of Content