OPINION | Can Egypt Bring Saudi Arabia Closer to Israel?

A cooperative, bilateral relationship must not be mistaken for a friendship. Although security interests may converge during an especially tumultuous period in Middle Eastern history, the question of Palestine will likely continue to be a deal-breaking wedge between Saudi Arabia & Israel.

By Adam Yefet
Gulf State Analytics

OPINION | Can Egypt Bring Saudi Arabia Closer to Israel?

Image Attribute: Sinai Peninsula and Gulf of Aqaba, Courtesy: Google Earth

Earlier this year, Saudi Arabia’s King Salman met with Egyptian President Abdel Fatah el-Sisi in Cairo for the signing of various economic, security, and political agreements. Although the deals had been in the works for years, one in particular is causing a domestic uproar in Egypt -- the return of the islands Tiran and Sanafir to Saudi control. The transfer of land from one Middle Eastern state to another is a rare occurrence. To better understand the geopolitical and historical context of the Egyptian-Saudi islands transfer, it is useful to take stock over how the islands factor into the triangular relationship between Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Israel.

Riyadh granted stewardship of the islands to Cairo in 1950 for Egypt’s strategic use against Israel, officially established as a state only two years earlier. Prominent Egyptian figures throughout modern history, including former presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat, have made statements asserting that ownership. Today many Egyptians view the islands as an integral part of their sovereign territory. Sisi’s relinquishment of the islands last month has caused a stir among critics, who accuse him of unconstitutionally trading territory for financial and military assistance. Indeed, officials in Cairo made this decision within the context of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) providing billions of dollars in aid to keep the Egyptian economy afloat since el-Sisi ousted Egypt’s Islamist government in 2013.  

The islands are situated in the Straits of Tiran at the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba, a major trade route for Israel and Jordan. Egypt’s use of the islands to blockade Israeli sea traffic through the straits fueled tension in the lead-up to the Arab-Israeli war of 1967. During that conflict Israel seized control of the islands, and occupied them until 1982, when it withdrew under conditions of the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty.

That treaty includes provisions relating to the presence of Egyptian troops and UN Multilateral Forces on the islands. Saudi Arabia has confirmed indirectly to Israel that its parliament must still vote to approve amendments to the treaty, including the issue of the islands’ return to Saudi Arabia. While Egypt and Israel have upheld a peace treaty since 1979, and Egypt and Saudi Arabia have had very close ties for many years, Israel and Saudi Arabia have never maintained formal diplomatic relations. There has, however, been plenty of covert cooperation between the Jewish state and the Al Saud rulers, dating back to the 1960s when intelligence officials from both governments established back-channel links. Presently, this tacit alliance is highlighted by Israeli and Saudi officials having meetings to discuss the Syrian crisis.

A Shifting Regional Landscape  

Despite the expected domestic backlash, analysts expect the Egyptian parliament to approve the transfer of the islands as a result of the GCC states, most importantly Saudi Arabia, bankrolling Egypt’s government and providing broad political and military leadership in the region. The transfer of the islands signals a shift in Saudi perceptions of the kingdom’s military capabilities, and potentially a shift in Riyadh’s perceptions of Israel as a regional fixture. Since King Salman’s ascension to the throne in January 2015, the Saudis have been taking a more active military role in the region with campaigns in Yemen and against Daesh (“Islamic State”) in the Levant. It is likely that the Saudis believe that is best to manage the islands’ security themselves rather than paying Egyptian troops to do so. 

Further indication of deepening ties between Saudi Arabia and Egypt came with King Salman’s announcement during the trip that Egypt and Saudi Arabia would build a bridge through the islands connecting the two countries. At the same time, construction of the bridge could bode well for improved relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia.

Saudi officials’ indirect communication with Israel suggests that they are more concerned about their strategies vis-à-vis Yemen, Syria, Daesh, as well as their geopolitical rivalry with Iran, than about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. With regard to Iran, Daesh, and possibly Syria, officials in Tel Aviv and Riyadh find themselves with converging interests. Reports of Saudi and Israeli intelligence agents meeting in Jordan lend credence to this idea. 

In March, both the GCC and the Arab League labeled Iranian-backed Hezbollah a “terrorist” group and froze billions of dollars of remittances and aid. They also issued a travel advisory for Lebanon. These measures weaken Hezbollah at a time when it is supporting the Syrian Ba’athist regime and simultaneously maintaining its front against Israel with threats from both sides heating up in recent weeks. These developments may indicate deeper cooperation between Saudi Arabia and Israel.

It should not be forgotten either that it was Salman’s predecessor, then-Crown Prince and later King Abdullah, who spearheaded the Arab Peace Initiative in the early 2000s, offering a broad normalization of relations between Arab states and Israel. The goal was the creation of a Palestinian state based on the 1949-1967 borders and the resolution of several territorial issues, most importantly the return of the Golan Heights from Israel to Syria, an issue that Israeli prime ministers have refused to budge on. The Arab states’ stance on the Golan Heights may become more flexible, however, as the future of a unified Syrian state grows ever more dim. Moreover, the proposed bridge linking Saudi Arabia and Egypt would be held eternally hostage to the Israeli Air Force.

A cooperative, bilateral relationship must not be mistaken for a friendship. Although security interests may converge during an especially tumultuous period in Middle Eastern history, the question of Palestine will likely continue to be a deal-breaking wedge between the two. In each country, especially Saudi Arabia, there is significant domestic opposition to establishing any level of overt cooperation. With the U.S. and Egypt in a facilitation role, however, the process of the island transfer may end up being a substantial first step toward official communication between Saudi Arabia and Israel.    

About the Author

Adam Yefet is a contributor to Gulf State Analytics, a Washington, DC-based geopolitical risk consultancy

AIDN0020520160029 / INDRASTRA / ISSN 2381-3652

Name

-51,1,3D Technology,2,5G,10,Abkhazia,2,Abortion Laws,1,Academics,11,Accidents,22,Activism,1,Adani Group,7,ADB,13,ADIZ,1,Adults,1,Advertising,31,Advisory,2,Aerial Reconnaissance,13,Aerial Warfare,36,Aerospace,5,Afghanistan,88,Africa,115,Agile Methodology,2,Agriculture,21,AI Policy,1,Air Crash,10,Air Defence Identification Zone,1,Air Defense,7,Air Force,29,Air Pollution,1,Airbus,5,Aircraft Carriers,5,Aircraft Systems,6,Al Nusra,1,Al Qaida,4,Al Shabab,1,Alaska,1,ALBA,1,Albania,2,Algeria,3,Alibaba,1,American History,4,AmritaJash,10,Antarctic,1,Antarctica,1,Anthropology,7,Anti Narcotics,12,Anti Tank,1,Anti-Corruption,4,Anti-dumping,1,Anti-Piracy,2,Anti-Submarine,1,Anti-Terrorism Legislation,1,Antitrust,2,APEC,1,Apple,3,Applied Sciences,2,AQAP,2,Arab League,3,Architecture,3,Arctic,6,Argentina,7,Armenia,31,Army,3,Art,3,Artificial Intelligence,84,Artillery,2,Arunachal Pradesh,2,ASEAN,13,Asia,71,Asia Pacific,24,Assassination,2,Asset Management,1,Astrophysics,2,ATGM,1,Atmospheric Science,1,Atomic.Atom,1,Augmented Reality,8,Australia,58,Austria,1,Automation,13,Automotive,133,Autonomous Flight,2,Autonomous Vehicle,4,Aviation,63,AWACS,2,Awards,17,Azerbaijan,17,Azeri,1,B2B,1,Bahrain,9,Balance of Payments,2,Balance of Trade,3,Bali,1,Balkan,10,Balochistan,2,Baltic,3,Baluchistan,8,Bangladesh,30,Banking,53,Bankruptcy,2,Basel,1,Bashar Al Asad,2,Battery Technology,3,Bay of Bengal,5,BBC,2,Beijing,1,Belarus,3,Belgium,1,Belt Road Initiative,3,Beto O'Rourke,1,BFSI,1,Bhutan,13,Big Data,30,Big Tech,1,Bilateral Cooperation,21,BIMSTEC,1,Biodiversity,1,Biography,1,Biology,1,Biotechnology,4,Birth,1,BISA,1,Bitcoin,11,Black Lives Matter,1,Black Money,3,Black Sea,2,Blockchain,33,Blood Diamonds,1,Bloomberg,1,Boeing,21,Boko Haram,7,Bolivia,7,Bomb,3,Bond Market,3,Book,11,Book Review,24,Border Conflicts,13,Border Control and Surveillance,7,Bosnia,1,Brand Management,14,Brazil,107,Brexit,22,BRI,5,BRICS,20,British,3,Broadcasting,16,Brunei,3,Brussels,1,Buddhism,1,Budget,5,Build Back Better,1,Bulgaria,1,Burma,2,Business & Economy,1273,C-UAS,1,California,5,Call for Proposals,1,Cambodia,7,Cameroon,1,Canada,58,Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS),1,Carbon Economy,9,CAREC,1,Caribbean,10,CARICOM,1,Caspian Sea,2,Catalan,3,Catholic Church,1,Caucasus,9,CBRN,1,Cement,1,Central African Republic,1,Central Asia,82,Central Asian,3,Central Banks,1,Central Eastern Europe,49,Certification,1,Chad,2,Chagos Archipelago,1,Chanakya,1,Charity,2,Chatbots,2,Chemicals,7,Chemistry,1,Child Labor,1,Child Marriage,1,Children,4,Chile,10,China,599,Christianity,1,CIA,1,CIS,5,Citizenship,2,Civil Engineering,2,Civil Liberties,5,Civil Rights,2,Civil Society,5,Civil Unrest,1,Civilization,1,Clean Energy,6,Climate,68,Climate Change,29,Climate Finance,2,Climate Studies,2,Clinical Research,3,Clinton,1,Cloud Computing,46,Coal,6,Coast Guard,3,Cocoa,1,Cognitive Computing,13,Cold War,5,Colombia,16,Commodities,5,Communication,13,Communism,3,Compliance,1,Computers,40,Computing,1,Conferences,2,Conflict,117,Conflict Diamonds,1,Conflict Resolution,49,Conflict Resources,1,Congo,2,Construction,5,Consumer Behavior,4,Consumer Price Index,5,COP26,4,COP28,1,COP29,1,Copper,3,Coronavirus,107,Corporate Communication,1,Corporate Governance,4,Corporate Social Responsibility,4,Corruption,4,Costa Rica,2,Counter Intelligence,15,Counter Terrorism,81,COVID,9,COVID Vaccine,6,CPEC,8,CPG,5,Credit,2,Credit Rating,3,Credit Score,1,Crimea,4,Critical Minerals,1,CRM,1,Croatia,2,Crypto Currency,21,Cryptography,1,CSTO,1,Cuba,7,Culture,5,Currency,9,Customer Exeperience,1,Customer Relationship Management,1,Cyber Attack,10,Cyber Crime,2,Cyber Security & Warfare,118,Cybernetics,5,Cyberwarfare,16,Cyclone,1,Cyprus,5,Czech Republic,5,DACA,1,Dagestan,1,DARPA,3,Data,9,Data Analytics,36,Data Center,4,Data Science,2,Database,3,Daughter.Leslee,1,Davos,1,DEA,1,DeBeers,1,Debt,14,Debt Fund,1,Decision Support System,5,Defense,12,Defense Deals,8,Deflation,1,Deforestation,2,Deloitte,1,Democracy,22,Democrats,2,Demographic Studies,2,Demonetization,6,Denmark. F-35,1,Denuclearization,1,Diamonds,1,Digital,39,Digital Currency,3,Digital Economy,11,Digital Marketing,7,Digital Transformation,11,Diplomacy,14,Diplomatic Row,5,Disaster Management,4,Disinformation,2,Diversity & Inclusion,1,Djibouti,2,Documentary,3,Doklam,2,Dokolam,1,Dominica,2,Donald Trump,55,Donetsk,2,Dossier,2,Drones,14,E-Government,2,E-International Relations,1,Earning Reports,4,Earth Science,2,Earthquake,8,East Africa,2,East China Sea,9,eBook,1,Ebrahim Raisi,1,ECB,1,eCommerce,11,Econometrics,2,Economic Indicator,1,Economic Justice,1,Economics,46,Economy,115,ECOWAS,2,Ecuador,4,Edge Computing,2,Editor's Opinion,61,Education,67,EFTA,1,Egypt,28,Election Disinformation,1,Elections,55,Electric Vehicle,15,Electricity,7,Electronics,9,Elon Musk,1,Emerging Markets,1,Employment,23,Energy,317,Energy Policy,28,Energy Politics,27,Engineering,24,England,2,Enterprise Software Solutions,9,Entrepreneurship,15,Environment,48,ePayments,14,Epidemic,6,ESA,1,Ethiopia,4,Eulogy,4,Eurasia,3,Euro,6,Europe,15,European Union,237,EuroZone,5,Exchange-traded Funds,2,Exclusive,2,Exhibitions,2,Explosives,1,Export Import,6,F-35,6,Facebook,9,Fake News,3,Fallen,1,FARC,2,Farnborough. United Kingdom,2,FATF,1,FDI,6,Featured,1438,Federal Reserve,6,Fidel Castro,1,FIFA World Cup,1,Fiji,1,Finance,19,Financial Markets,60,Financial Planning,1,Financial Statement,2,Finland,5,Fintech,15,Fiscal Policy,14,Fishery,3,Five Eyes,1,Floods,2,Food Security,27,Forces,1,Forecasting,3,Foreign Policy,13,Forex,4,France,37,Free Market,1,Free Syrian Army,4,Free Trade Agreement,1,Freedom,3,Freedom of Press,1,Freedom of Speech,2,French Polynesia,1,Frigate,1,FTC,1,Fujairah,97,Fund Management,1,Funding,23,Future,1,G20,10,G24,1,G7,4,Gaddafi,1,Gambia,2,Gambling,1,Gaming,1,Garissa Attack,1,Gas Price,24,GATT,1,Gaza,16,GCC,11,GDP,14,GDPR,1,Gender Studies,3,Geneal Management,1,General Management,1,Generative AI,9,Genetics,1,Geo Politics,105,Geography,2,Geoint,14,Geopolitics,11,Georgia,12,Georgian,1,geospatial,9,Geothermal,2,Germany,72,Ghana,3,Gibratar,1,Gig economy,1,Glaciology,1,Global Markets,2,Global Perception,1,Global Trade,101,Global Warming,1,Global Water Crisis,11,Globalization,3,Gold,5,Google,20,Gorkhaland,1,Government,129,Government Analytics,1,Government Bond,1,GPS,1,Greater Asia,187,Greece,14,Green Bonds,1,Green Energy,3,Greenland,1,Gross Domestic Product,2,GST,1,Gujarat,6,Gulf of Tonkin,1,Gun Control,4,Hacking,5,Haiti,2,Hamas,12,Hasan,1,Health,8,Healthcare,72,Heatwave,2,Helicopter,12,Heliport,1,Hezbollah,3,High Altitude Warfare,1,High Speed Railway System,1,Hillary 2016,1,Hillary Clinton,1,Himalaya,1,Hinduism,2,Hindutva,4,History,10,Home Security,1,Honduras,2,Hong Kong,7,Horn of Africa,5,Housing,17,Houthi,13,Howitzer,1,Human Development,32,Human Resource Management,5,Human Rights,7,Humanitarian,3,Hungary,3,Hunger,3,Hydrocarbon,3,Hydrogen,5,IAEA,2,ICBM,1,Iceland,2,ICO,1,Identification,2,IDF,1,Imaging,2,IMEEC,2,IMF,77,Immigration,21,Impeachment,1,Imran Khan,1,Independent Media,73,India,693,India's,1,Indian Air Force,19,Indian Army,7,Indian Nationalism,1,Indian Navy,28,Indian Ocean,25,Indices,1,Indigenous rights,1,Indo-Pacific,9,Indonesia,25,IndraStra,1,Industrial Accidents,4,Industrial Automation,2,Industrial Safety,4,Inflation,10,Infographic,1,Information Leaks,1,Infrastructure,3,Innovations,22,Insider Trading,1,Insurance,3,Intellectual Property,3,Intelligence,5,Intelligence Analysis,8,Interest Rate,4,International Business,13,International Law,11,International Relations,9,Internet,53,Internet of Things,35,Interview,8,Intra-Government,5,Investigative Journalism,4,Investment,33,Investor Relations,1,IPEF,1,iPhone,1,IPO,4,Iran,213,Iraq,54,IRGC,1,Iron & Steel,5,ISAF,1,ISIL,9,ISIS,33,Islam,12,Islamic Banking,1,Islamic State,86,Israel,154,ISRO,1,IT ITeS,136,Italy,10,Ivory Coast,1,Jabhat al-Nusra,1,Jack Ma,1,Jamaica,3,Japan,95,JASDF,1,Jihad,1,JMSDF,1,Joe Biden,8,Joint Strike Fighter,5,Jordan,7,Journalism,7,Judicial,4,Julian Assange,1,Justice System,3,Kamala Harris,3,Kanchin,1,Kashmir,10,Kaspersky,1,Kazakhstan,26,Kenya,6,Khalistan,2,Kiev,1,Kindle,700,Knowledge Management,4,Korean Conflict,1,Kosovo,2,Kubernetes,1,Kurdistan,8,Kurds,10,Kuwait,7,Kyrgyzstan,9,Labor Laws,10,Labor Market,4,Ladakh,1,Land Reforms,3,Land Warfare,21,Languages,1,Laos,2,Large language models,1,Laser Defense Systems,1,Latin America,84,Law,6,Leadership,3,Lebanon,12,Legal,11,LGBTQ,2,Li Keqiang,1,Liberalism,1,Library Science,1,Libya,14,Liechtenstein,1,Lifestyle,2,Light Battle Tank,1,Linkedin,1,Lithium,1,Lithuania,1,Littoral Warfare,2,Livelihood,3,Loans,11,Lockdown,1,Lone Wolf Attacks,3,Lugansk,2,Macedonia,1,Machine Learning,8,Madagascar,1,Mahmoud,1,Main Battle Tank,3,Malaysia,12,Maldives,13,Mali,7,Malware,2,Management Consulting,6,Manpower,1,Manto,1,Manufacturing,16,Marijuana,1,Marine Biology,1,Marine Engineering,3,Maritime,51,Market Research,2,Marketing,38,Mars,2,Martech,10,Mass Media,30,Mass Shooting,1,Material Science,2,Mauritania,1,Mauritius,3,MDGs,1,Mechatronics,2,Media War,1,MediaWiki,1,Medical,1,Medicare,1,Mediterranean,12,MENA,6,Mental Health,4,Mercosur,2,Mergers and Acquisitions,19,Meta,3,Metadata,2,Metals,4,Mexico,14,Micro-finance,4,Microsoft,12,Migration,19,Mike Pence,1,Military,113,Military Exercise,12,Military Service,2,Military-Industrial Complex,3,Mining,16,Missile Launching Facilities,6,Missile Systems,58,Mobile Apps,3,Mobile Communications,12,Mobility,4,Modi,8,Moldova,1,Monaco,1,Monetary Policy,6,Money Market,2,Mongolia,11,Monkeypox,1,Monsoon,1,Montreux Convention,1,Moon,4,Morocco,2,Morsi,1,Mortgage,3,Moscow,2,Motivation,1,Mozambique,1,Mubarak,1,Multilateralism,2,Mumbai,1,Muslim Brotherhood,2,Mutual Funds,2,Myanmar,30,NAFTA,3,NAM,2,Namibia,1,Nanotechnology,4,Narendra Modi,4,NASA,14,NASDAQ,1,National Identification Card,1,National Security,5,Nationalism,2,NATO,34,Natural Disasters,16,Natural Gas,33,Natural Language Processing,1,Nauru,1,Naval Aviation,1,Naval Base,5,Naval Engineering,24,Naval Intelligence,2,Naval Postgraduate School,2,Naval Warfare,50,Navigation,2,Navy,23,NBC Warfare,2,NDC,1,Nearshoring,1,Negotiations,2,Nepal,13,Netflix,1,Neurosciences,7,New Caledonia,1,New Delhi,4,New Normal,1,New York,5,New Zealand,7,News,1333,News Publishers,1,Newspaper,1,NFT,1,NGO,1,Nicaragua,1,Niger,3,Nigeria,10,Nikki Haley,1,Nirbhaya,1,Noble Prize,1,Non Aligned Movement,1,Non Government Organization,4,Nonproliferation,2,North Africa,23,North America,56,North Korea,60,Norway,5,NSA,1,NSG,2,Nuclear,41,Nuclear Agreement,32,Nuclear Doctrine,2,Nuclear Energy,7,Nuclear Fussion,1,Nuclear Propulsion,2,Nuclear Security,47,Nuclear Submarine,1,NYSE,2,Obama,3,ObamaCare,2,OBOR,15,Ocean Engineering,1,Oceania,2,OECD,5,OFID,5,Oil & Gas,388,Oil Gas,7,Oil Price,77,Olympics,2,Oman,25,Omicron,1,Oncology,1,Online Education,5,Online Reputation Management,1,OPEC,130,Open Access,1,Open Journal Systems,2,Open Letter,1,Open Source,4,OpenAI,2,Operation Unified Protector,1,Operational Research,4,Opinion,709,Opinon Poll,1,Optical Communications,1,Pacific,5,Pakistan,183,Pakistan Air Force,3,Pakistan Army,1,Pakistan Navy,3,Palestine,27,Palm Oil,1,Pandemic,84,Papal,1,Paper,3,Papers,110,Papua New Guinea,2,Paracels,1,Partition,1,Partnership,1,Party Congress,1,Passport,1,Patents,2,PATRIOT Act,1,Payment Orchestration,1,Peace Deal,6,Peacekeeping Mission,1,Pension,1,People Management,1,Persian Gulf,19,Peru,6,Petrochemicals,1,Petroleum,19,Pharmaceuticals,15,Philippines,19,Philosophy,2,Photos,3,Physics,1,Pipelines,6,PLA,2,PLAN,4,Plastic Industry,2,Poland,8,Polar,1,Policing,1,Policy,8,Policy Brief,6,Political Studies,1,Politics,56,Polynesia,3,Pope,1,Population,7,Portugal,1,Poverty,8,Power Transmission,6,Preprint,1,President APJ Abdul Kalam,2,Presidential Election,35,Press Release,158,Prison System,1,Privacy,18,Private Debt Fund,1,Private Equity,3,Private Military Contractors,2,Privatization,1,Programming,1,Project Management,4,Propaganda,5,Protests,14,Psychology,3,Public Policy,55,Public Relations,1,Public Safety,7,Publications,1,Publishing,8,Purchasing Managers' Index,1,Putin,7,Q&A,1,Qatar,114,QC/QA,1,Qods Force,1,Quad,1,Quantum Computing,4,Quantum Physics,4,Quarter Results,2,Racial Justice,2,RADAR,2,Rahul Guhathakurta,4,Railway,9,Raj,1,Ranking,4,Rape,1,RBI,1,RCEP,2,Real Estate,7,Recall,4,Recession,2,Red Sea,6,Referendum,5,Reforms,18,Refugee,23,Regional,4,Regulations,2,Rehabilitation,1,Religion,1,Religion & Spirituality,9,Renewable,18,Report,4,Reports,54,Repository,1,Republicans,3,Rescue Operation,2,Research,5,Research and Development,25,Restructuring,1,Retail,36,Revenue Management,1,Revenue-based Financing,1,Rice,1,Risk Management,5,Robotics,8,Rohingya,5,Romania,3,Royal Canadian Air Force,1,Rupee,1,Russia,328,Russian Navy,6,Saab,1,Saadat,1,SAARC,6,Safety,1,SAFTA,1,SAM,2,Samoa,1,Sanctions,6,SAR,1,SAT,1,Satellite,14,Saudi Arabia,130,Scandinavia,6,Science & Technology,407,Science Fiction,1,SCO,5,Scotland,6,Scud Missile,1,Sea Lanes of Communications,4,SEBI,4,Securities,2,Security,6,Semiconductor,21,Senate,4,Senegal,1,SEO,5,Serbia,4,Services Sector,1,Seychelles,3,SEZ,1,Shadow Bank,1,Shale Gas,4,Shanghai,1,Sharjah,12,Shia,6,Shinzo Abe,1,Shipping,11,Shutdown,2,Siachen,1,Sierra Leone,1,Signal Intelligence,1,Sikkim,5,Silicon Valley,1,Silk Route,6,Simulations,2,Sinai,1,Singapore,17,Situational Awareness,20,Small Modular Nuclear Reactors,1,Smart Cities,7,Smartphones,1,Social Media,1,Social Media Intelligence,40,Social Policy,40,Social Science,1,Social Security,1,Socialism,1,Sociology,1,Soft Power,1,Software,8,Software Engineering,1,Solar Energy,17,Somalia,5,South Africa,20,South America,55,South Asia,498,South China Sea,36,South East Asia,84,South Korea,68,South Sudan,4,Sovereign Wealth Funds,1,Soviet,2,Soviet Union,9,Space,47,Space Station,3,Spaceflight,1,Spain,9,Special Education,1,Special Forces,1,Sports,3,Sports Diplomacy,1,Spratlys,1,Sri Lanka,26,Stablecoin,1,Stamps,1,Startups,43,State,1,State of the Union,1,Statistics,1,STEM,1,Stephen Harper,1,Stock Markets,29,Storm,2,Strategy Games,5,Strike,1,Sub-Sahara,4,Submarine,16,Sudan,6,Sunni,6,Super computing,1,Supply Chain Management,48,Surveillance,13,Survey,5,Sustainable Development,18,Swami Vivekananda,1,Sweden,4,Switzerland,6,Syria,114,Taiwan,34,Tajikistan,12,Taliban,17,Tamar Gas Fields,1,Tamil,1,Tanzania,4,Tariff,5,Tata,3,Taxation,25,Tech Fest,1,Technology,13,Tel-Aviv,1,Telecom,24,Telematics,1,Territorial Disputes,1,Terrorism,78,Testing,2,Texas,3,Thailand,12,The Middle East,665,Think Tank,317,Tibet,3,TikTok,2,Tim Walz,1,Tobacco,1,Tonga,1,Total Quality Management,2,Town Planning,3,TPP,2,Trade Agreements,14,Trade War,10,Trademarks,1,Trainging and Development,1,Transcaucasus,22,Transcript,4,Transpacific,2,Transportation,47,Travel and Tourism,16,Tsar,1,Tunisia,7,Turkey,75,Turkmenistan,10,U.S. Air Force,3,U.S. Dollar,2,UAE,140,UAV,23,UCAV,1,Udwains,1,Uganda,1,Ukraine,117,Ukraine War,30,Ummah,1,UNCLOS,7,Unemployment,2,UNESCO,1,UNHCR,1,UNIDO,2,United Kingdom,86,United Nations,29,United States,788,University and Colleges,4,Uranium,2,Urban Planning,10,US Army,12,US Army Aviation,1,US Congress,1,US Dollar,1,US FDA,1,US Navy,18,US Postal Service,1,US Senate,1,US Space Force,2,USA,16,USAF,22,USV,1,UUV,1,Uyghur,3,Uzbekistan,13,Valuation,1,Vatican,3,Vedant,1,Venezuela,22,Venture Capital,4,Vibrant Gujarat,1,Victim,1,Videogames,1,Vietnam,26,Virtual Reality,7,Vision 2030,1,VPN,1,Wahhabism,3,War,1,War Games,1,Warfare,1,Water,18,Water Politics,8,Weapons,11,Wearable,2,Weather,2,Webinar,1,WeChat,1,WEF,3,Welfare,1,West,2,West Africa,19,West Bengal,2,Western Sahara,2,Whales,1,White House,1,Whitepaper,2,WHO,3,Wholesale Price Index,1,Wikileaks,2,Wikipedia,3,Wildfire,1,Wildlife,3,Wind Energy,1,Windows,1,Wireless Security,1,Wisconsin,1,Women,10,Women's Right,14,Workers Union,1,Workshop,1,World Bank,40,World Economy,33,World Peace,10,World War I,1,World War II,3,WTO,6,Wyoming,1,Xi Jinping,9,Xinjiang,2,Yemen,29,Yevgeny Prigozhin,1,Zbigniew Brzezinski,1,Zimbabwe,2,
ltr
item
IndraStra Global: OPINION | Can Egypt Bring Saudi Arabia Closer to Israel?
OPINION | Can Egypt Bring Saudi Arabia Closer to Israel?
A cooperative, bilateral relationship must not be mistaken for a friendship. Although security interests may converge during an especially tumultuous period in Middle Eastern history, the question of Palestine will likely continue to be a deal-breaking wedge between Saudi Arabia & Israel.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kCoQo6ZKrHLD5inwjTAip9zx6pKaSPQ3T6NLPgu2iHCRkrvhd4nVJ9uMkEPd0zvfGbC3o6hPKiVcuGwm2y3omiu-zSCNpZPqFskMC3-FYICDsC1PdsFl24XXOsj7xhsGx1rzlwad-iYL/s640/ISAE.JPG
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kCoQo6ZKrHLD5inwjTAip9zx6pKaSPQ3T6NLPgu2iHCRkrvhd4nVJ9uMkEPd0zvfGbC3o6hPKiVcuGwm2y3omiu-zSCNpZPqFskMC3-FYICDsC1PdsFl24XXOsj7xhsGx1rzlwad-iYL/s72-c/ISAE.JPG
IndraStra Global
https://www.indrastra.com/2016/05/OPINION-Can-Egypt-Bring-Saudi-Arabia-to-Israel-002-05-2016-0029.html
https://www.indrastra.com/
https://www.indrastra.com/
https://www.indrastra.com/2016/05/OPINION-Can-Egypt-Bring-Saudi-Arabia-to-Israel-002-05-2016-0029.html
true
1461303524738926686
UTF-8
Loaded All Posts Not found any posts VIEW ALL Readmore Reply Cancel reply Delete By Home PAGES POSTS View All RECOMMENDED FOR YOU LABEL ARCHIVE SEARCH ALL POSTS Not found any post match with your request Back Home Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat January February March April May June July August September October November December Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec just now 1 minute ago $$1$$ minutes ago 1 hour ago $$1$$ hours ago Yesterday $$1$$ days ago $$1$$ weeks ago more than 5 weeks ago Followers Follow THIS PREMIUM CONTENT IS LOCKED STEP 1: Share to a social network STEP 2: Click the link on your social network Copy All Code Select All Code All codes were copied to your clipboard Can not copy the codes / texts, please press [CTRL]+[C] (or CMD+C with Mac) to copy Table of Content