Data fusion in internet of things, it can reduce things networking traffic, reduce the energy consumption and enhance the accuracy of the results, optimize the perception that the network performance.
By Xiaotie Qina and Yuesheng Gub
Abstract
The application
prospect in the market with huge thing networking are buzzing the third wave of
information technology, its one of the core technology on two wireless sensor
networks with energy, storage capacity, computing power, communications
bandwidth resource constraints of the salient characteristics of data fusion,
implementation is the inevitable choice. This paper briefly describes the
Internet of things in the characteristics of data acquisition and data fusion
of things in the meaning and role of data fusion described things to be
addressed key issues and requirements. Briefly describes the data fusion tree
formation and fusion of the principles of TGA
Main text
Internet of things is connected with all
kinds of wireless access network through the interface, and access the internet
connected to objects, can achieve intelligent endowed with object communication
and dialogue, also can realize the interaction between objects and object
communication and dialogue. To the object have overall perception. To transfer
data are reliable and intelligent processing ability of the information network
by connecting object and the object[1].
In a Internet of Things, to perception nodes,
nodes and gathering nodes and Between the control center, they not only need to
communicate but also need do further treatment with the communication results.
Therefore, data fusion is one of the most important technologies to internet of
things. In internet of things, Using Radio frequency identification device, the
global positioning system, laser scanner and all kinds of different devices,
embedded software and hardware systems, and the modern network and wireless
communication, distributed data processing, and many other technology.
Collaboration is real-time monitoring, perception, collecting network
distribution area of various environmental or monitoring object information. To
realize things and material, including between people and objects of all kinds
of interconnect. Combined with the Internet and formed a huge information
network system. In the front of the networking of things, for example sensor
network, in order to obtain accurate data, often need to deploy a lot of sensor
nodes in monitoring area internal. In the sensor node monitoring range fold
each other in order to enhance the whole network the accuracy of the
information collected. Covered in high density areas, for the same object or
event monitoring of adjacent nodes getting the report data, there will be a
certain space correlation. As distance similar node the transmission has
certain redundancy. If all nodes will be monitoring data sent to the focal
point, it can cause the network bandwidth limited tremendous waste of
resources. And large amounts of data transmission at the same time can also
cause frequent conflict, reduce communication efficiency. In addition, data
transmission when the main factors of node energy consumption, transmission of
redundancy data will consume too much energy envoys from point, so as to
shorten the life cycle of sensor network. Therefore, in a large sensor network,
each node more data to jump transmission perception together before, need to
node data fusion processing.
Author Artwork
In the process of information perception,
make full use of local node of the computing power and storage capacity, for a
lot of data or information processing, the combined from more effective and
more in line with the needs of the user data process method. The study of data
fusion technology in internet of things, in addition to the basic content of
data fusion outside, need to focus on the choice of the points to fusion,
fusion timing of data fusion and how to do data fusion. There is a close
relationship between the choice of fusion node and the network layer routing
protocol. Need to rely on a loop routing protocol data, and the use of some
nodes routing structure as a data fusion node. Internet of things is just like
the sensor network. It is a kind of jumped the organization network, perception
area-based data aggregation node need cooperation. Especially in periodic
monitoring applications, the need to consider it. Periodic perception node
data. Adjacent rounds of data acquisition has some relevance, need information
such as historical information to reduce the amount of data it. When determined
the path of data aggregation and data fusion points after data fusion energy
saving effect also and these data fusion nodes data fusion of waiting time
before closely related. Need to know for how long, and what the data from node
merge. Namely needs to determine the appropriate data fusion node data fusion
opportunity.In a data fusion node, when and to what the received data fusion
and forwarding, requires a combination of routing protocol to forward mechanism
to consider. In data aggregation, need routing as far as possible to transfer
some of the packet network nodes, and data fusion in these nodes. What kind of
routing algorithm will directly affect the efficiency of data fusion. Data
fusion is in order to adapt to a sensor network center for application in data
from the fusion algorithm, the main focus on how to use local perception of processing
power nodes, and then the data processing it, the focus is to reduce the data
needs to be transmitted.
It needs to improve the efficiency of
information from the perception in internet of things, and it will be based on
data fusion triggered the connection. Considering the perception of the node
will due to bad environmental factors or their energy exhausted and cause
failure, so the case such as robustness and adaptability is to realize basic
requirements for data fusion in internet of things.
In internet of things, because of perception
of communication between the nodes may cause interference, and networking
information perception may be no accuracy, so pay more attention to solving the
related data ambiguity. In internet of things, network nodes energy Co., LTD,
del and send and receive data node energy consumption far outweigh the
computing and storage energy consumption. We need to consider the perception of
the energy consumption and energy node balance, how to choose the right to
study and solve the fusion processing nodes. Only to solve the technical index,
we can acquire the correct and effective data.
Data fusion algorithm is the basic content of
the fusion processing, it is many-dimensions nput data fusion in different
level with different mathematical method, and it is the clustering processing
method. At present, according to data fusion in the sensor network , the
researches focus on the data fusion routing protocol both at home and abroad.
Based on data fusion tree is to compare the routing protocols of the typical
data fusion routing algorithms, it is the key to how to construct data fusion
tree.
When a sensor nets, base station or collect
data gathering node is through reverse multicast tree from the perception of
the form of scattered data gathering up gradually nodes. When each perception
node to sudden emergencies, monitoring data transmission path form a tree
reverse multicast tree, the number is data fusion tree. We can structure data
fusion center tree through the shortest path tree or recently source node
algorithm. The shortest path tree from the base station or focal point to
recent source node ACTS as the fusion center node. All the other perception
node first put the data collected the minimal hop along the path to the node,
then sent by the node will be merged data base station or gathering of hair to
node. Once you have identified the fusion center node tree is determined, the
integration of basic down. CNS algorithm is actually a fusion of priority data
fusion tree structure algorithm, in the specific implementation we need to know
which nodes from gathering node recently, and other source node to the node
routing information. In the middle of the upper nodes are data fusion. When all
source nodes of the shortest path are determined,fusion tree has the basic
form. SPT data fusion algorithm and the number of points are random, it is
actually a routing priority trees make a data fusion algorithm, and is easy to
realize in the specific implementation, distributed can draw lessons from Ad
Hoc network when routing protocol thought.
TGA (of aggregation) is a kind of
data-centric fusion tree based on data fusion routing algorithms, mainly by
inquires the distribution and data receiving of two stages. Inquires the
distributing stages: gathering node send inquires the perception node,
requested and complete data fusion tree structure, the gathering node to
adjacent nodes through radio data fusion tree structure news to construct the
assemble the node is the root of the trees, the tectonic news data fusion
contained in the hierarchical information in tree node, have not joined the
node to data fusion tree after receipt, tectonic information for constructing
the level set the level value plus 1 news, and will construct news for father
sent node set node. In data collection phase, along the collected data nodes
father node direction sent to data fusion the roots of a tree node. Node to
adjacent node radio while the tectonic news; Data receiving stages: each node
of the data collected after fusion of the structure by sending gathering data
fusion tree data fusion tree node, and in each of the father node must gather
all the child nodes of data and fusion to data fusion trees along the fusion
data sent to converge node. Meta can use database query language, complete the
COUNT, MIN, MAX, from the AVERAGE wait for basic, data fusion operation. Meta's
weakness is vulnerable to network topology structure dynamic changes and the
influence of link failures should periodically, gathered node tree structure
news radio data fusion to maintain data fusion trees, to adapt to changes in
the network topology institutions. When the network topology structure, such
news frequent change of transmission will consume too much energy, shorten the
life cycle of sensor network.
Directional Diffusion (DD) : Diffusion-ship is
a kind of typical data-centric based on data fusion algorithm fusion tree. The
directional diffusion routing fusion algorithm data fusion including interest
spread, interest gradient establish and data sent through three stages.
When gathering to collect data, nodes at
first to broadcast the sensor node net Interest news (macro), interesting
Message describes gathering node interested data types and data acquisition
methods in receiving the information such as the Interest, the nodes, but also
the news to the nearby nodes radio interesting Message. Node according to
accept degrees aode interesting message establish interest gradient, contains
the node used in interest gradient the next jump forward packets of
information, the interest gradient node is according to the message sending
node energy, communication ability, position adjustment factors. When interest
diffusion process, each node will end according to interest gradient value
choosing an "enhanced path" as data transmission path. When the node
with interest to collect data, matching the data sent to enhance path next jump
node. Accept nodes via caching mechanism to reduce data redundancy, when data
accept node receiving data and preservation found in cached repetitive already
forwarding data will not be forwarding, to reduce redundant data delivery.
Directional diffusion algorithm by functional
features without the node way to getting the whole network flood topology
information, only through the interaction with neighbors node can build and
interest gradient and used for data forwarding enhancement path, improve the
network resource utilization. But directional diffusion algorithm also need
periodic updates data fusion tree, to adapt to the dynamic change of network
topology.
Conclusion
In short, through data fusion in internet of
things, it can reduce things networking traffic, reduce the energy consumption
and enhance the accuracy of the results, optimize the perception that the
network performance.
About The Authors:
Xiaotie Qina - Library, Chongqing University
of Science & Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
Yuesheng Gub - Henan Institute of Science
& Technology, Xinxiang, 453003，China
Publication Details:
1877-7058 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd, Open
access under CC BY-NC-ND license, doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.567 / Download
The Paper - LINK
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