By Bruce Pannier
Kazakh authorities have selected two sites and allocated funds to set up
two refugee centers in a move that appears to have come as a surprise to area
residents.
But the biggest questions now are: Who are these refugees? And when and why
did Kazakh authorities decide to accept them?
Russia's TASS news agency carried one of the first reports of this curious
development on January 29. That report quoted Svetlana Nareshova, acting head
of the economy and budget planning department of the government of Kazakhstan's
southwestern Mangistau Province, as saying, "The regional budget provides
for the establishment of refugee centers under the anti-terrorism article of the
defense program."
That report made it sound as if these plans for refugees were common
knowledge. But, in fact, many people in Mangistau did not seem to know about it
and were not happy when they found out.
RFE/RL's Kazakh Service, known locally as Azattyq, went to the region and
learned that a petition against housing refugees was being circulated in
Mangistau. Some 3,000 people had already signed it. "The experience in
Europe shows that a flood of refugees is always accompanied by an increase in
crime and additional strains on the budget," the petition says.
Azattyq spoke with former Kazakh Deputy Defense Minister General Amirbek
Togusov, who was asking the same questions that many people in Mangistau are
asking.
"It's not clear to me which refugees we are talking about,"
Togusov said. "Where will they come from? From Afghanistan or Iraq?"
Togusov then came to the crux of the matter. "How will the local
population receive them?" he said.
Judging by the petition, there are at least 3,000 locals who are against the
idea. Its authors claim the government never discussed such a plan with local
residents. The authors also recommended spending the money allocated for the
refugee center on "low-income families and invalids" in Mangistau.
But rights activist Togzhan Kizatova claimed there is just a small group of
xenophobes behind the circulation of the petition and noted that in the first
half of the 20th century people of many nationalities were given refuge on the
territory of present-day Kazakhstan.
Kazakh political analyst Dos Koshim said there are no refugees but that it
makes sense to at least be prepared and have a facility to house them, if they
ever appear.
Azattyq sought local officials who could shed light on what the plans were
for the refugee centers. Azattyq first telephoned the deputy secretary of the
provincial council, Sarzhok Saybagytov. Asked about the planned refugee
centers, Saybagytov replied, "We have so many matters to look at every
day. I'm not a computer. I can't keep everything in my head. Ask the
budget-planning department; ask [Svetlana] Nareshova."
So Azattyq returned to where this story started: Svetlana Nareshova. But
while Nareshova was willing to provide some information to Russia's TASS news
agency, she was not quite as accommodating with Azattyq. Nareshova said
questions should be addressed to Gulmira Balgozhaeva, the press secretary for
the Mangistau governor. Balgozhaeva said she would need the questions in
written form. Azattyq still has not heard back from her.
As mentioned, Nareshova was a bit more informative with TASS. She suggested
that 340 million tenges (around $850,000) had been allocated for the first
refugee center, near the border with Uzbekistan, and that a similar center
could be established near the border with Turkmenistan. Nareshova also said no
refugees were expected in the near future.
The locations are curious. One center would be located in the Beyneu
district along the Uzbek border and the other in the Karakiya district on the
Uzbek and Turkmen borders. In terms of the landscape, this area -- the
only place where Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan meet -- is the
northwestern part of the Kara-Kum Desert. It's very dry and very hot and in
winter can be bitterly cold.
It is also difficult to believe authorities in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
have been consulted about this planned refugee camp on their borders. Refugees
from Afghanistan made their way into Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in the
mid-1990s. Neither country welcomed them, and both were anxious to repatriate
them as quickly as possible. As recently as 2010, Uzbekistan made clear it
would not provide any more than brief shelter for refugees, even when those
refugees were ethnic Uzbeks fleeing from Kyrgyzstan.
Azattyq pointed out that maybe nothing will come of this by recalling that,
in April 2010, Kazakhstan set up a center in Zhambyl Province to accept
anticipated refugees from the unrest in Kyrgyzstan, when the government of
former President Kurmanbek Bakiev was ousted. No one ever came. One ironic
aspect to the episode is that Kazakhstan will mark its first Day Of Gratitude
on March 1. President Nursultan Nazarbaev created the holiday to remember all
the different peoples whom Stalin forcibly resettled in Kazakhstan during World
War II.
Based on material by Azattyq correspondent Saniya Toyken
About The Source:
Qishloq
Ovozi is a blog by RFE/RL Central Asia specialist Bruce Pannier that aims to
look at the events that are shaping Central Asia and its respective countries,
connect some of the dots to shed light on why those processes are occurring,
and identify the agents of change. Content will draw on the extensive knowledge
and contacts of RFE/RL's Central Asian services but also allow scholars in the
West, particularly younger scholars who will be tomorrow’s experts on the
region, opportunities to share their views on the evolving situation at this
Eurasian crossroad. The name means "Village Voice" in Uzbek. But
don't be fooled, Qishloq Ovozi is about all of Central Asia.
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(c) 2015. RFE/RL, Inc. Reprinted with the permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio
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