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Effort Initiated to Tackle Global Hunger and Nutrition Crisis in Post-COVID-19 World"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-K00Ur6un-Dc\/X9xaHWW0UFI\/AAAAAAAAGd8\/hiTl31pmOBMz-IFS_tUu6BIKbhkdvN96ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s1024\/AIDN006112020%2B%252839%2529.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Global Effort Initiated to Tackle Global Hunger and Nutrition Crisis in Post-COVID-19 World\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"512\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-K00Ur6un-Dc\/X9xaHWW0UFI\/AAAAAAAAGd8\/hiTl31pmOBMz-IFS_tUu6BIKbhkdvN96ACLcBGAsYHQ\/w640-h320\/AIDN006112020%2B%252839%2529.gif\" title=\"Global Effort Initiated to Tackle Global Hunger and Nutrition Crisis in Post-COVID-19 World\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EEarlier this week, the Governments of Canada and Bangladesh, in partnership with the Government of Japan, hosted a virtual launch of the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cstrong style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/nutritionforgrowth.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ENutrition for Growth Year of Action\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E, setting in motion a year-long effort to address a global hunger and nutrition crisis that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The event featured more than US$3 billion in financing commitments or re-commitments from a range of stakeholders including the Government of Canada, the Government of Pakistan, World Vision International, UNICEF, and the World Bank. Additional strong policy commitments from Guatemala, Nigeria, and Senegal were also highlighted.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\"This year, because of the impact of the COVID-19 virus, a potential 270 million people are facing food insecurity. The most vulnerable are those who were food insecure or malnourished before the pandemic—largely women and children. To address these concerning projections, I am pleased to pledge CAD$520 million in nutrition-specific funding over five years to support gender-informed life-saving nutrition interventions for the poorest and most vulnerable. This is part of an existing commitment made at Women Deliver in 2019, where the Prime Minister pledged Canada's commitment to global health,\"\u003C\/i\u003E said Canada's Minister of International Development, Karina Gould. \u003Ci\u003E\"Working together, we can ensure that nutrition remains a top priority as we mitigate, control, and then recover from this pandemic,\" \u003C\/i\u003Eshe added.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EFinancial commitments included:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cli style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe Government of Canada announced CAN$520 million (US$407 million) for nutrition programming through 2025\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0e101a;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cli style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe Government of Pakistan committed to spending US$2.18 billion by 2025 to address malnutrition and stunting\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0e101a;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cli style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EWorld Vision International committed to extending and increasing its 2013 commitment with a pledge to spend US$500 million on nutrition by 2025\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0e101a;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EUNICEF committed to an annual investment of at least $700 million per year over the next five years for nutrition programs for children, adolescents, and women. The World Bank also announced $500 million in Early Response Financing from the IDA-19 Crisis Response Window, to be targeted to countries facing food insecurity crises—of which nutrition issues are an important part.1\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EThe total funds committed are a fraction of what is needed to tackle the global malnutrition crisis, but represent an important down payment as additional commitments are made over the coming year. The Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Year of Action launches a roadmap of key events throughout 2021, culminating in the UN Food Systems Summit in September 2021 and the Tokyo N4G Summit.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EThese new commitments come at a critical time. New\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-123716\/v1\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Edata\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;released by the \u003Ca href=\" https:\/\/www.standingtogetherfornutrition.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"font-style: italic;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EStanding Together for Nutrition\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E consortium predicts massive consequences for maternal and child nutrition as a direct result of the pandemic. Over the next two years, an additional 168,000 child deaths will occur, 9.3 million children will be wasted, 2.6 million children will be stunted, and 2.1 million women will be anemic unless immediate and significant global action is taken. The costs of future productivity loss due to increases in child stunting and mortality from the effects of COVID-19 on child nutrition is estimated to be US$29.7 billion.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\"COVID-19 has already undone one decade of progress on nutrition. Our data reveals that unless the world steps up its effort, children under 5 in under-resourced settings will bear the brunt with an estimate of 9.3 million additional children at risk of wasting in 2020-2022. Failure to act now means we put an entire generation at risk,\"\u003C\/i\u003E said Saskia Osendarp, Executive Director of the Micronutrient Forum (MNF), and Lawrence Haddad, Executive Director of the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), co-conveners of\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EStanding Together for Nutrition\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;consortium.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EHunger is on the rise and poor diets are now the leading risk factor of death worldwide—responsible for one in every five deaths globally, more than tobacco, high blood pressure, or any other health risk. Despite this, donors currently spend less than one percent of overseas aid on nutrition. New financing estimates show that to combat the effects of COVID-19 on child stunting, child wasting, and maternal anemia, an additional $1.2 billion USD is needed annually on top of the Global Nutrition Investment Framework financing estimates of $7 billion per year.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\"The pandemic has dramatically affected families' lives and livelihoods, disrupting: access to nutritious, affordable diets; essential nutrition services; and child feeding practices in many countries around the world,\"\u003C\/i\u003E said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. \u003Ci\u003E\"So now is the time to focus even more on the nutrition of children and women. 2021 presents us with a unique opportunity to respond, recover and reimagine better, more effective nutrition policies, programs, and actions for the future, and to emerge from the COVID-19 crisis stronger than before.\"\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003ENew resources committed today aim to close the gap in nutrition financing. To date, N4G mobilization efforts have generated unprecedented and impactful commitments to improve global nutrition. In 2013, at the first Nutrition for Growth Summit in London, donors secured new major commitments of over $4 billion to tackle undernutrition and $19 billion in complementary nutrition-sensitive investments between 2013 and 2020. At the 2017 Global Nutrition Summit in Milan, governments, civil society organizations, private philanthropies, and the private sector made financial and policy commitments totaling $3.4 billion.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EDonors have delivered on their previous financial commitments, some two years early. The United Kingdom (UK) reached its target from 2013 by delivering nutrition interventions to 50 million people, and the European Union (EU) is projected to meet its target from 2013 to reduce stunting by 7 million.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003EIndraStra Global\u003C\/b\u003E is now available on \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/apple.news\/Tbvq4-R3hQ5izxn0b9mqG9Q\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EApple News\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMNbQ3gow9aLWAQ?hl=en-IN\u0026amp;gl=IN\u0026amp;ceid=IN:en\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EGoogle News\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003Cb\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/flipboard.com\/@indrastra\/indrastra-global-ctkeo059z\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EFlipboard\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E, \u003Cb\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/IndrastraGlobal\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EFeedburner\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003C\/b\u003E and\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/indrastraglobal\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ETelegram\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/7459168416479784888"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/7459168416479784888"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2020\/12\/Nutrition-for-Growth-Year-of-Action-006-12-2020-0028.html","title":"Global Effort Initiated to Tackle Global Hunger and Nutrition Crisis in Post-COVID-19 World"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-K00Ur6un-Dc\/X9xaHWW0UFI\/AAAAAAAAGd8\/hiTl31pmOBMz-IFS_tUu6BIKbhkdvN96ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s72-w640-h320-c\/AIDN006112020%2B%252839%2529.gif","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"Ottawa, ON, Canada"},"georss$point":{"$t":"45.4215296 -75.697193099999993"},"georss$box":{"$t":"17.111295763821154 -110.85344309999999 73.731763436178852 -40.540943099999993"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1461303524738926686.post-4426458211760867205"},"published":{"$t":"2020-08-31T11:05:00.001-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-08-31T11:05:16.567-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Japan"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Opinion"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Shinzō Abe - A Diminished Figure with an Unfulfilled Legacy"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EBy Craig Mark\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EProfessor, Faculty of International Studies, Kyoritsu Women's University\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-a63vqsh65XY\/X00Reo-5JzI\/AAAAAAAAFQk\/bVh4Ik5s8KcZX79-NCTT9XzFeKOc2b1WgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/AIDN0060820200070-CI.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Shinzō Abe - A Diminished Figure with an Unfulfilled Legacy\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"512\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-a63vqsh65XY\/X00Reo-5JzI\/AAAAAAAAFQk\/bVh4Ik5s8KcZX79-NCTT9XzFeKOc2b1WgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s640\/AIDN0060820200070-CI.gif\" title=\"Shinzō Abe - A Diminished Figure with an Unfulfilled Legacy\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EOn August 28, 2020, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe ended weeks of speculation about the state of his health by\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2020\/08\/28\/national\/politics-diplomacy\/shinzo-abe-resign\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eannouncing his surprise resignation\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EThe 65-year-old Abe was finally forced to concede to the ulcerative colitis intestinal disease that had brought his\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2007\/09\/13\/national\/abe-announces-he-will-resign\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Efirst brief term in office\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;to an end in 2007.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAfter being treated with a new course of medication, Abe made a remarkable political comeback in 2012. He regained the leadership of the conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and led it back into government, three years after it\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2009\/09\/03\/the-vote-that-changed-japan\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Ewas knocked out of power\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbe easily defeated the weak and disorganized opposition parties in the 2014 and 2017 elections, and in 2018 secured an unprecedented\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/sep\/20\/shinzo-abe-set-to-be-japans-longest-serving-pm-after-winning-party-vote\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Ethird three-year term as LDP president\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E, with his supporters speculating he could lead for yet another.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch4 style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0e101a;\"\u003EPartial successes in the economy, defense\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbe kept up this political success based around his core economic policy, prominently marketed as \u003Ci\u003E“\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japan.go.jp\/abenomics\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAbenomics\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E”.\u003C\/i\u003E This comprised the three \u003Ci\u003E“arrows”\u003C\/i\u003E of record stimulus spending,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/q\/quantitative-easing.asp\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Equantitative easing\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(printing money to buy assets), and attempts at deregulation.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbenomics was partially successful at restoring mild economic growth, but this started to wane after consumption tax hikes last October. The country then slipped into\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/05\/japans-economy-officially-enters-recession-for-first-time-since-2015\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Erecession\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;with the coronavirus pandemic.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EIn foreign policy, the nationalistic Abe\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/national\/politics-diplomacy\/shinzo-abe-revise-constitution\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Ereinterpreted Japan’s pacifist constitution\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E, passing bills in the Diet in 2015 to allow collective self-defense with its US ally — despite a lack of public support and large student-led demonstrations.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAccompanied by a sharp increase in defense spending, Abe’s long-held desire to change the constitution to allow even more assertive use of the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/gsdf\/english\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EJapanese Self-Defence Forces\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;was left unfulfilled. In the 2019 Upper House elections, the LDP and its coalition partners lost the two-thirds majority\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/week-asia\/explained\/article\/3019217\/explained-whats-stake-japans-2019-upper-house-election\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Erequired\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003Eto allow any constitutional referendum.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EDespite this setback, the lack of a strong challenger within the LDP — as well as the failure of the opposition parties to pose any credible threat — allowed Abe eventually to become the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nippon.com\/en\/features\/h00296\/abe-shinzo-becomes-japan%E2%80%99s-longest-serving-prime-minister.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Elongest-serving prime minister\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;in Japanese history.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch4 style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0e101a;\"\u003EDeeper relations with regional states\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbe energetically pursued foreign affairs throughout his tenure,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/has-abe-got-trumps-measure-golf-diplomacy-puts-japan-back-on-the-green-72739\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Emaintaining the key US alliance\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;through presidents Barack Obama to Donald Trump.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EHe sought greater Japanese participation in regional security by promoting a “\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/policy\/page25e_000278.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Efree and open Indo-Pacific\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E” region, and in doing so, deepened Japan’s strategic relations with India, ASEAN, and Australia.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbe managed largely stable relations with China, Japan’s largest trading partner, but territorial disputes with Beijing, as well as with Russia and South Korea, also went unresolved. Relations with South Korea, in particular, reached a low point over their\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2020\/08\/13\/75-years-later-japan-south-korea-have-yet-fully-reconcile-their-wartime-colonial-history\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Ewartime and colonial history\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbe nevertheless built on his image as a senior world leader, culminating in hosting the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/the-interpreter\/temper-our-optimism-message-g20-leaders-summit-osaka\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EG20 summit in Osaka\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;last year.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch4 style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0e101a;\"\u003EA bungled response to coronavirus\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0e101a;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbe’s erratic response to the coronavirus caused a sharp decline in his authority this year. A massive stimulus spending program sought to limit the damage to the economy, but the overall public response by Abe’s government\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-shinzo-abe-has-fumbled-japans-coronavirus-response-136860\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Elacked a clear direction\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003ERegional leaders such as Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike pushed early for a national state of emergency, but Abe only\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/apr\/07\/japan-shinzo-abe-declares-state-of-emergency-over-coronavirus\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Ereluctantly declared one\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;in April — and it only lasted around a month. Abe also delayed making a decision to postpone the Tokyo Olympics until\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-52000044\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eforeign delegations announced\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;they wouldn’t attend.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EWhile Japan has fared relatively well dealing with COVID-19, there have been other ill-considered responses by the government. These included the widely ridiculed \u003Ci\u003E“\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2020\/07\/28\/national\/japan-abenomasks-social-media\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAbenomasks\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E” \u003C\/i\u003Eand the \u003Ci\u003E“\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/japantoday.com\/category\/national\/Go-To-Travel-campaign-comes-under-fire\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EGoTo Travel\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E”\u003C\/i\u003E domestic tourism campaign, which entrenched the public’s impression Abe was failing to respond energetically enough to the crisis.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EPersistent\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/mainichi.jp\/english\/articles\/20200718\/p2a\/00m\/0fp\/010000c\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Epolitical scandals\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;also continued to erode Abe’s legitimacy.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EFrom mid-June, Abe held\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/13616037\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eno press conferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;for nearly 50 days and made few public appearances until the commemorations around the 75th anniversary of the end of the second world war in mid-August.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAs his approval ratings dropped to their lowest levels since 2012, Abe made a series of hospital visits in recent weeks. This sparked media speculation over his health, which LDP officials vainly tried to downplay.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch4 style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EWho will be the next prime minister?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAbe will stay on as caretaker until the LDP’s Diet members elect a new president sometime over the next two or three weeks. This person will then be confirmed as prime minister by a vote in the Diet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003ESpeculation about his successor was already building in anticipation of the end of his term in September 2021, but this has now been rushed forward.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EPrime candidates include his main old rival, former Defence Minister\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2020\/08\/19\/national\/politics-diplomacy\/shigeru-ishiba-potential-abe-successor\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EShigeru Ishiba\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E, who enjoys the highest public approval ratings as an alternative leader.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2020\/07\/20\/national\/politics-diplomacy\/ldp-fumio-kishida-shinzo-abe\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFumio Kishida\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E, the LDP policy council chief, and former foreign minister are widely considered to be favored by Abe as his replacement.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EAnother long-standing ally, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga may also be in contention, as could Defence Minister Taro Kono or Economic Revitalisation Minister Yasutoshi Nishimura.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EWhoever is chosen by the LDP is unlikely to greatly change the direction of Japan’s economic and foreign policy. The new leader will have the ongoing responsibility of dealing with the persistent \u003Ci\u003E“second wave” \u003C\/i\u003Eof the COVID-19 pandemic and trying to engineer a post-pandemic recovery, while still burdened with record public debt and an aging population.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EJapan’s next prime minister will also soon face the judgment of the electorate, as the next national election is due by October 2021. The end of this patrician era of conservative politics has dramatically brought Japanese politics into a suddenly uncertain future.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThis article is republished from \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Conversation\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/shinzo-abe-japans-longest-serving-leader-leaves-office-a-diminished-figure-with-an-unfulfilled-legacy-145250\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eoriginal article\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAbout the Author:\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ECraig Mark\u003Cspan style=\"font-style: italic;\"\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-style: italic;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003EProfessor, Faculty of International Studies, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003EIndraStra Global\u003C\/b\u003E is now available on \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/apple.news\/Tbvq4-R3hQ5izxn0b9mqG9Q\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EApple News\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMNbQ3gow9aLWAQ?hl=en-IN\u0026amp;gl=IN\u0026amp;ceid=IN:en\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EGoogle News\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003Cb\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/flipboard.com\/@indrastra\/indrastra-global-ctkeo059z\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EFlipboard\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E, \u003Cb\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/IndrastraGlobal\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EFeedburner\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003C\/b\u003E and\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/indrastraglobal\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ETelegram\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EDISCLAIMER: The views expressed in this insight piece are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the IndraStra Global.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/4426458211760867205"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/4426458211760867205"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2020\/08\/Shinzo-Abe-Diminished-Figure-with-Unfulfilled-Legacy-006-08-2020-0070.html","title":"Shinzō Abe - A Diminished Figure with an Unfulfilled Legacy"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-a63vqsh65XY\/X00Reo-5JzI\/AAAAAAAAFQk\/bVh4Ik5s8KcZX79-NCTT9XzFeKOc2b1WgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s72-c\/AIDN0060820200070-CI.gif","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"2-chōme-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda City, Tōkyō-to 101-8437, Japan"},"georss$point":{"$t":"35.6933207 139.7572299"},"georss$box":{"$t":"10.1712862 98.4486359 61.215355200000005 -178.9341761"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1461303524738926686.post-2850467698539975962"},"published":{"$t":"2019-11-25T04:16:00.002-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-11-25T04:37:33.496-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Healthcare"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Japan"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Science \u0026 Technology"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Toyota Announces the Launch of Welwalk WW-2000"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-nG_dI_0f7zQ\/Xdubujq97cI\/AAAAAAAAD90\/qlzHn5tAFQYLGZ5eeP2Rr_oUYY6tP1R6ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/WelWalk-WW-2000.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Toyota Announces the Launch of Welwalk WW-2000\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"500\" data-original-width=\"1000\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-nG_dI_0f7zQ\/Xdubujq97cI\/AAAAAAAAD90\/qlzHn5tAFQYLGZ5eeP2Rr_oUYY6tP1R6ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s640\/WelWalk-WW-2000.jpg\" title=\"Toyota Announces the Launch of Welwalk WW-2000\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EOn November 21, 2019, Japanese auto major Toyota announced the launch of its new Welwalk WW-2000, a robot designed to provide rehabilitation support to individuals with lower-limb paralysis as a result of stroke and other causes.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EThe company has started accepting the orders for the new model in November 2019 and planned to start the delivery by February 2020 onwards. The new Welwalk WW-2000 upgrades the various features of\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/global.toyota\/en\/detail\/15989382\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Ethe prior model (the Welwalk WW-1000)\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E, namely the rehabilitation support functions based on motor learning theory and the ease of use in clinical settings. Specifically, it adds functions that display assistance settings in real-time to improve abnormal gait as well as a game function that helps maintain motivation so patients continue their rehabilitation efforts. The adoption of these new functions reduces burdens on therapists compared to the previous model while providing more efficient walking training to patients.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003EThe prior model — \u003Ci\u003EWelwalk WW-1000\u003C\/i\u003E — was provided on a\u003Ci\u003E rental basis\u003C\/i\u003E to the medical institutions, but in light of requests from healthcare institutions and market assessments, the Welwalk WW-2000 will be made available for purchase with the aim of improving the overall quality of service. In addition, production will be implemented at the \u003Ci\u003EMotomachi Plant\u003C\/i\u003E, with a sales target of 50 units sold to medical institutions annually.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ciframe allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"YOUTUBE-iframe-video\" data-thumbnail-src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/f3l10s4Y4_0\/0.jpg\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f3l10s4Y4_0?feature=player_embedded\" width=\"480\"\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003EThe Timeline\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003ESince 2007, Toyota has been developing \u003Ci\u003Erehabilitation assist robots\u003C\/i\u003E in collaboration with Fujita Health University.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003EIn 2011, pilot testing of robots in healthcare settings and clinical research at medical institutions commenced.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003EIn 2017, rental of the Welwalk WW-1000, which was the first Toyota product to receive approval as a medical device, commenced.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003EThe Welwalk WW-1000 received the 8th Robot Award in 2018, and to date, it has been used at approximately 80 medical institutions in Japan.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003EIn November 2019, Welwalk WW-2000 launched.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/IndrastraGlobal\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg align=\"center\" alt=\"Sign up to the IndraStra Global's daily email\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-SIk7dj3vX0Q\/XdZm3Fj9xaI\/AAAAAAAAD8s\/DLr6V1NlB9o7cMUuA99K2sLQluAUpoDdQCLcBGAsYHQ\/s640\/IndraStra-Feedburner.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/2850467698539975962"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/2850467698539975962"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2019\/11\/Toyota-Welwalk-WW-2000-005-11-2019-0081.html","title":"Toyota Announces the Launch of Welwalk WW-2000"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-nG_dI_0f7zQ\/Xdubujq97cI\/AAAAAAAAD90\/qlzHn5tAFQYLGZ5eeP2Rr_oUYY6tP1R6ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s72-c\/WelWalk-WW-2000.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"Japan"},"georss$point":{"$t":"36.204824 138.252924"},"georss$box":{"$t":"9.549143 96.944330000000008 62.860505 179.561518"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1461303524738926686.post-6561243070012410654"},"published":{"$t":"2019-11-11T03:43:00.002-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-11-11T03:43:24.639-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Japan"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Land Reforms"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Think Tank"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Land Readjustment in Japan"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EBeyond the Myth of Japanese Consensus and Harmony\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EBy Rachana Sah and KE Seetha Ram\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-oydxQ_5NjRs\/Xckeoxm85oI\/AAAAAAAADzg\/wazS6WqTtk4R4bbeghsS135Vsa_L3L-_ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/MISATO1.PNG.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Land readjustment in Japan: Beyond the myth of Japanese consensus and harmony\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"422\" data-original-width=\"845\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-oydxQ_5NjRs\/Xckeoxm85oI\/AAAAAAAADzg\/wazS6WqTtk4R4bbeghsS135Vsa_L3L-_ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s640\/MISATO1.PNG.jpg\" title=\"Land readjustment in Japan: Beyond the myth of Japanese consensus and harmony\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe landscape of Misato City in Japan has changed drastically in the last 35 years. In the 1980s, Shin-Misato Station was the Mushashino marshaling yard for freight services. Most of the land near the station was used for agriculture, but once residential houses increased and more people came to settle in the area the government built a passenger train station.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ESince then, the area has developed drastically. There is now a big shopping mall; an American wholesale shop, Costco; Ikea; and a high-rise apartment building, all within walking distance from the station. There has been remarkable growth in the central part of the city as well. Once, Central Misato was essentially one school surrounded by farmlands. Thirty years later, there is the shiny new Misato-Chuo Station, which is part of the Tsukuba Express line. The school has been relocated nearby, and the station area is surrounded by apartment buildings, shopping malls, banks, bus terminals, parks, a nursery, restaurants, and a variety of other services necessary for urban life. This development from a rural to an urban city has been quite remarkable. In the process, land readjustment has been an effective tool for urbanization for the Misato City local government.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-QpnX_3u3oGc\/XckdYLC3ppI\/AAAAAAAADzQ\/6oyBBRAqdsMh7_iOmvtndTtXxwH5caR6gCLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/Misato-Before.PNG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Image Attribute: Misato (Before) \/ Source: Authors\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"442\" data-original-width=\"616\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-QpnX_3u3oGc\/XckdYLC3ppI\/AAAAAAAADzQ\/6oyBBRAqdsMh7_iOmvtndTtXxwH5caR6gCLcBGAsYHQ\/s640\/Misato-Before.PNG\" title=\"Image Attribute: Misato (Before) \/ Source: Authors\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EImage Attribute: Misato (Before) \/ Source: Authors\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-xX3662eZbQs\/XckddJwKDZI\/AAAAAAAADzU\/k2Ez-m9hbdcZVdYdVYuZjoJ_yOq69zQZgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/Misato-After.PNG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"440\" data-original-width=\"616\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-xX3662eZbQs\/XckddJwKDZI\/AAAAAAAADzU\/k2Ez-m9hbdcZVdYdVYuZjoJ_yOq69zQZgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s640\/Misato-After.PNG\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EImage Attribute: Misato (After) \/ Source: Authors\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003ELand readjustment is a tool of urban development whereby the public authority pools various parcels of privately-owned land and formulates a land-use plan for the overall area. The land plan designates areas for public goods, such as roads, parks, and open spaces, and the government\u003Ci\u003E “implements the plan and provides the necessary trunk infrastructure” \u003C\/i\u003E(World Bank 2018). The remaining land is then distributed proportionally to each landowner. While the distributed land parcels are of smaller size, for example, 50%–60% of their original size, the value of the new land parcels is higher because they are now serviced urban land. In Japan, usually, owners must give up 30% of their land, although this differs on a case-by-case basis. For projects led by the public authorities, there is no legal requirement of approval from landowners. For private-led projects, approval of more than 66% of the landowners is required. In many cases, the authority aims for a higher rate of approval from the landowners, the rule of thumb being 80% (Souza, Ochi, and Hosono 2018: 55). This is a high benchmark, but land readjustment has been one of the most successful tools for urbanization in Japan.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EThe extensive use and success of land readjustment in Japan have prompted the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the World Bank to promote Japanese land readjustment for urbanization in developing countries since the 1970s (Souza et al. 2018: 86). However, it has been difficult to replicate the success seen in Japan. For example, when Thailand tried to implement land readjustment using the Japanese approach, it faced many difficulties. One of the reasons given was that Thai people are not as consensus-oriented as Japanese people and so would not agree to give up their land (Sorensen 2007). Often, the success of the Japanese model is attributed to the fact that Japan has a tradition of consensus in participation and decision making and that Japanese people are less individualistic and more cooperative. However, the reality is that Japanese landowners are just as demanding, and also do not agree to land readjustment so easily. Take the example of stalled land readjustment cases in Japan. In 2015, there were 138 projects that had been stalled for more than 10 years. These accounted for more than 27% of all land readjustment projects (Imanishi 2016: 239). The reason for such delays, according to the government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 2007), was the lack of finance and lack of consensus. This shows that the Japanese government has also faced difficulty in gaining permission from landowners. Indeed, there have been many more failed land readjustment cases that have not been accounted for. For example, more than three land readjustment projects were initiated near Shin-Misato station after its development. These efforts did not take off due to a lack of approval from the landowners.[1]\u0026nbsp; Nonetheless, it is important to note that there have been many successful cases of land readjustment in Japan. The question then arises: how does the Japanese government convince the reluctant landowners?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EIt is the patience and determination of public authorities that have the most weight in convincing landowners for land readjustment in Japan. For example, in the case of the Misato-Chuo area land readjustment, it took 4 years for the authorities[2] to convince the landowners; likewise, it took 10 years for the Misato Intercity land readjustment project. It took another 16 years to finally complete the Misato-Chuo land readjustment project, which was implemented with close coordination with Misato City to gain the consent of the landowners at each stage. Even after all the time and effort taken, the landowners might not be convinced. In such cases, many local governments have resorted to sanctions. They can also emphasize that the particular land readjustment scheme is the only way to bring important basic infrastructure, such as sewage services, water, and electricity, into that area. Another policy used is to degrade the area from an urban zone to a non-urban zone, which reduces the land value.[3] However, the most effective method is to gain the voluntary consent of the landowners. Explanations and seminars on the effects and benefits of land readjustment can be held multiple times for the landowners, usually until they are convinced. This is a very crucial characteristic of Japanese land readjustment. For example, the Omiya local government held a total of 935 explanatory meetings over 8 years to persuade the landowners for 13 projects (Sorensen 2017: 105). As such, it takes time, money, patience, and, most importantly, a committed local government for land readjustment to come to light.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cem style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EThere is a preconceived notion that it is difficult to implement Japanese policies in other developing countries due to a lack of consensus and harmony often associated with the Japanese culture.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EThis claim is not only dubious but is also unfortunate because Japan can actually provide valuable ideas for other countries of ways to persuade reluctant landowners. One has to carefully examine how the Japanese government has been able to gain the landowners’ consent for so many projects. It is also important to analyze the Japanese government’s commitment to gaining consent even though the law does not require it. Japan has more to offer than its laws and regulations: the experiences of efficient institutions and hardworking local government officers play a crucial role in laying the groundwork for successful policy application. These experiences are invaluable and perhaps more important than the policy itself.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThis article was first published in \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/adbi\/main\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EAsia Pathways, the blog\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/b\u003Eof the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/adbi\/main\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAsian Development Bank Institute (ADBI)\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E___________________________________________________\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E[1] From conversations with the Misato City Urban Planning Officer in February 2019. Refer to\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.city.misato.lg.jp\/6179.htm\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EM\u003Cb\u003Eisato City Urban Development Division\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(三郷市市役所まちづくり事業)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E[2] The project was led by the Japan Housing \u0026amp; Urban Development Corporation under the supervision of Misato City.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E[3] Called flexible\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003Esenbiki\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;policies (Sorensen 2007: 102–103).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAbout the Authors:\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003ERachana Sah is a master’s student at the Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1c1e29;\"\u003EKE Seetha Ram is a senior consulting specialist for capacity building and training projects at ADBI.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cstrong style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EReferences\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EImanishi, K. 2016.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/journalcpij\/51\/3\/51_237\/_pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EA Study on the Release of Untouched Land Readjustment District\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E.\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EJournal of the City Planning Institute of Japan\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E51\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E(3), 237–244.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT). 2007.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mlit.go.jp\/crd\/city\/sigaiti\/information\/council\/arikata\/01\/data\/1-shiryou3.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAchievements and challenges of land readjustment and urban redevelopment project\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(土地区画整理事業及び市街地再開発事業の実績と課題). Urban Development and Improvement Division. Government of Japan.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003EMisato City Government. 2013. Urban Renewal Plan (amendment of 4th version), Misato Central District (都市再生整備計画(第 4回 変更) 三郷 中央地区).\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003ESorensen, A. 2007. Consensus, Persuasion, and opposition: organizing land readjustment in Japan. In\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EReadjustment–Economics, Law and Collective Action\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E, edited by Y. Hong and B. Needham. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.Souza, F. F., T. Ochi, and A. Hosono, eds. 2018. Land Readjustment: Solving Urban Problems Through Innovative Approach. 1st edition. Tokyo: Japan International Cooperation Agency Research Institute.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #1c1e29; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003EWorld Bank. 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"_e75a791d-denali-editor-page-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/urban-regeneration.worldbank.org\/node\/31\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003ELand Readjustment\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan data-preserver-spaces=\"true\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDISCLAIMER: The views expressed in this insight piece are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the IndraStra Global.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/6561243070012410654"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/6561243070012410654"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2019\/11\/Land-Readjustment-in-Japan-005-11-2019-0021.html","title":"Land Readjustment in Japan"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-oydxQ_5NjRs\/Xckeoxm85oI\/AAAAAAAADzg\/wazS6WqTtk4R4bbeghsS135Vsa_L3L-_ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s72-c\/MISATO1.PNG.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"Tokyo, Japan"},"georss$point":{"$t":"35.6761919 139.6503106"},"georss$box":{"$t":"21.4479664 118.99601360000001 49.9044174 160.3046076"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1461303524738926686.post-7883809722619429897"},"published":{"$t":"2019-09-09T05:32:00.001-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-09-09T05:32:02.871-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Japan"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"NASA"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Satellite"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Science \u0026 Technology"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Space"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Space Station"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Kounotori 8 (HTV-8) — Live Coverage of Launch and Capture"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EBy IndraStra Global News Team\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-u6C2c_1EV90\/XXYbEglQVKI\/AAAAAAAADnM\/7XmrEKdGpqM51W6AWwlMsKbgRRiYiN9HwCLcBGAs\/s1600\/HTV.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Image Attribute: A file photo of the unpiloted Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) approaches the International Space Station. \/ Source: ISS020-E-041380, ISS Expedition 20, NASA\/Wikipedia (Dated: September 17, 2009)\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"687\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-u6C2c_1EV90\/XXYbEglQVKI\/AAAAAAAADnM\/7XmrEKdGpqM51W6AWwlMsKbgRRiYiN9HwCLcBGAs\/s640\/HTV.jpg\" title=\"Image Attribute: A file photo of the unpiloted Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) approaches the International Space Station. \/ Source: ISS020-E-041380, ISS Expedition 20, NASA\/Wikipedia (Dated: September 17, 2009)\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EImage Attribute: A file photo of the unpiloted Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) approaches the International Space Station. \/ Source:\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003EISS020-E-041380,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kounotori_8#\/media\/File:Iss020e0413802_-_cropped.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EISS Expedition 20, NASA\/Wikipedia\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003E(Dated: September 17, 2009)\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EOn September 10, 2019, a Japanese cargo spacecraft\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EKounotori 8, \u003C\/i\u003Ealso known as\u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/structure\/elements\/htv.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EH-II Transport Vehicle-8 (HTV-8)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003Eis scheduled to launch from the \u003Ci\u003ETanegashima Space Center\u003C\/i\u003E in southern Japan to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/main\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EInternational Space Station\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E at 5:33 p.m. EDT \u003Ci\u003E(6:33 a.m. September 11 in Japan)\u003C\/i\u003E. It will be loaded with more than four tons of supplies, spare parts and experiment hardware.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ENamed \u003Ci\u003EKounotori,\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;meaning \u003Ci\u003Ewhite stork\u003C\/i\u003E in Japanese,\u0026nbsp;the craft will deliver six new lithium-ion batteries and corresponding adapter plates that will replace aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for two power channels on the station's far port truss segment. The batteries will be installed through a series of robotics and spacewalks by the station's crew members later this year.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EAdditional experiments on board HTV-8 include an upgrade to the \u003Ci\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=333\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF-L)\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E, a small-sized \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=7750\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Esatellite optical communication system (SOLISS)\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, and a payload for testing the effects of gravity on powder and granular material (Hourglass).\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ELIVE COVERAGE\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe \u003Ci\u003EJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)\u003C\/i\u003E unpiloted HTV-8\u0026nbsp;will launch on a Japanese H-IIB rocket on the tenth anniversary of the first HTV cargo spacecraft launch. Live coverage of the launch \u003Ci\u003E(will begin at 5:00 pm) \u003C\/i\u003Eand capture\u003Ci\u003E (will begin at 5:30 a.m)\u003C\/i\u003E will air on NASA Television and the agency's website.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EOn September 14 (Saturday), the spacecraft will arrive at the station. Expedition 60 Flight Engineer Christina Koch of NASA, backed up by her NASA crewmate Andrew Morgan, will operate the station's \u003Ci\u003ECanadarm2 \u003C\/i\u003Erobotic arm from the station's cupola to capture the 12-ton spacecraft as it approaches from below. Robotics flight controllers will then take over the operation of the arm to install HTV-8 to the Earth-facing port of the \u003Ci\u003EHarmony\u003C\/i\u003E module where it will spend a month attached. Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano of \u003Ci\u003EESA (European Space Agency)\u003C\/i\u003E will monitor HTV-8 systems during its approach to the station.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ECapture of the HTV-8 is scheduled around 7 a.m. Coverage will resume at 8:30 a.m. for the final installation of the resupply craft to Harmony by robotic ground controllers. If the installation operations are running ahead of schedule, coverage would begin earlier.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ESource: NASA\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/7883809722619429897"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/7883809722619429897"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2019\/09\/Kounotori-8-Live-Coverage-005-09-2019-0024.html","title":"Kounotori 8 (HTV-8) — Live Coverage of Launch and Capture"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-u6C2c_1EV90\/XXYbEglQVKI\/AAAAAAAADnM\/7XmrEKdGpqM51W6AWwlMsKbgRRiYiN9HwCLcBGAs\/s72-c\/HTV.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"2101 E NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058, USA"},"georss$point":{"$t":"29.5593451 -95.08999799999998"},"georss$box":{"$t":"4.0373106000000014 -136.39859199999998 55.081379600000005 -53.781403999999981"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1461303524738926686.post-7326259727063813622"},"published":{"$t":"2019-08-28T08:28:00.002-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-08-28T08:30:59.639-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Automotive"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Business \u0026 Economy"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Japan"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Toyota and Suzuki Enter into Capital Alliance Agreement"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-HYo6ixBBXuI\/XWZzF8NiP-I\/AAAAAAAADlk\/pBow8XozGWIARPK62Rk17IokXMxUNjlXwCLcBGAs\/s1600\/toyota-and-suzuki.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Toyota and Suzuki Enter into Capital Alliance Agreement\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"600\" data-original-width=\"1000\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-HYo6ixBBXuI\/XWZzF8NiP-I\/AAAAAAAADlk\/pBow8XozGWIARPK62Rk17IokXMxUNjlXwCLcBGAs\/s640\/toyota-and-suzuki.jpg\" title=\"Toyota and Suzuki Enter into Capital Alliance Agreement\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EImage Attribute:\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.carmag.co.za\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECARMag.co.za\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EToyota Motor Corporation and Suzuki Motor Corporation hereby announce that the two companies entered into an agreement regarding a capital alliance (the “Alliance”) today, in order to establish and promote a long-term partnership between the two companies for promoting collaboration in new fields, including the field of autonomous driving.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe two companies began considering business partnership on October 12, 2016, and since then have continued to consider specific details. On March 20 of this year, the companies announced that they would begin specific considerations in order to engage in joint product development and collaboration in production, in addition to promoting the mutual supply of products, by bringing together Toyota’s strength in electrification technologies and Suzuki’s strength in technologies for compact vehicles.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESeparately, the automobile sector is currently experiencing a turning point unprecedented in both scope and scale, not only because of enhanced environmental regulations, but also from new entries from distinct industries and diversified mobility businesses. The two companies intend to achieve sustainable growth, by overcoming new challenges surrounding the automobile sector by building and deepening cooperative relationships in new fields while continuing to be competitors, in addition to strengthening the technologies and products in which each company specializes and their existing business foundations.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESpecifically, to take up challenges together in this transitional era, the two companies plan to establish and promote a long-term partnership for promoting collaboration in new fields, including the field of autonomous driving.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe execution of the capital alliance agreement is a confirmation and expression of the outcome of sincere and careful discussions between the two companies, and it will serve for building and promoting their future partnership in new fields.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ch4\u003EDetails of the Alliance\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn order to develop and promote a long-term partnership between the two companies, the companies plan to acquire each other’s shares based on the Alliance.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EToyota plans to acquire 24,000,000 shares of common stock in Suzuki \u003Ci\u003E(4.94% ownership of the total number of shares issued by Suzuki as of March 31, 2019 (excluding treasury shares) with a total value of JPY 96 billion)\u003C\/i\u003E by underwriting the disposition of treasury shares by way of third-party allotment conducted by Suzuki.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELikewise, Suzuki plans to acquire, through purchase in the market, shares in Toyota equivalent to JPY 48 billion. These share acquisitions will be implemented after the companies obtain approvals from the foreign competition authorities.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/7326259727063813622"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/7326259727063813622"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2019\/08\/Toyota-and-Suzuki-enter-into-Capital-Alliance-Agreement-005-08-2019-0060.html","title":"Toyota and Suzuki Enter into Capital Alliance Agreement"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-HYo6ixBBXuI\/XWZzF8NiP-I\/AAAAAAAADlk\/pBow8XozGWIARPK62Rk17IokXMxUNjlXwCLcBGAs\/s72-c\/toyota-and-suzuki.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"Tokyo, Japan"},"georss$point":{"$t":"35.6761919 139.6503106"},"georss$box":{"$t":"21.4479664 118.99601360000001 49.9044174 160.3046076"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1461303524738926686.post-3260928097930576017"},"published":{"$t":"2019-06-29T01:50:00.002-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-06-29T01:50:16.580-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Business \u0026 Economy"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"G20"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"IMF"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Japan"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"IMF's Christine Lagarde Calls for Stronger International Cooperation"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-p3ULIaODvz0\/XRb4xaiZmyI\/AAAAAAAADbk\/I-ilcYs4xmwUSLBpXsL2LsJf70y5aZeUACLcBGAs\/s1600\/1615756-25961629.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"IMF's Christine Lagarde Calls for Stronger International Cooperation\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"400\" data-original-width=\"670\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-p3ULIaODvz0\/XRb4xaiZmyI\/AAAAAAAADbk\/I-ilcYs4xmwUSLBpXsL2LsJf70y5aZeUACLcBGAs\/s640\/1615756-25961629.jpg\" title=\"IMF's Christine Lagarde Calls for Stronger International Cooperation\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EImage Attribute:\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EChristine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) at G20 2019, Japan\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EOn June 29, 2019, Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), issued the following statement at the conclusion of the Group of 20 (G20) Leaders’ Summit in Osaka, Japan:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\"I would like to congratulate Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Deputy Prime Minister Taro Aso, and Bank of Japan Governor Haruhiko Kuroda for their chairmanship of this G20 Summit, and for their warm hospitality.\"\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EIn her discussions with G20 Leaders, she noted that the global economy has hit a rough patch: investment has weakened and trade has slowed significantly, with export and import growth rates at their lowest level since the great financial crisis. Even though the IMF expects growth to strengthen somewhat going forward, the risks to the outlook remain serious.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EAccording to Lagarde, \u003Ci\u003E\"Chief among these risks is trade. While the resumption of trade talks between the United States and China is welcome, tariffs already implemented are holding back the global economy, and unresolved issues carry a great deal of uncertainty about the future. I reiterated that the priority should be to reduce obstacles to trade—new and old, tariffs and otherwise—and to address the underlying sources of trade tensions and distortions.\"\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EShe advocated for a trading system fit for today’s world which means addressing gaps in the international rule book, including areas like agricultural and industrial subsidies, services and e-commerce. She welcomed Prime Minister Abe’s announcement of the Osaka Track framework relating to data flow and e-commerce. And, called for accelerated reform of the WTO, for the benefit of all economies.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EShe also pointed to other key areas where policy action is needed to restore confidence and help growth: central banks will need to continue to adjust policies with incoming data, and fiscal policy must balance growth support and debt sustainability, and structural reforms can support productivity and employment.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EShe further added, \u003Ci\u003E\"At the same time, the G20 should continue its important efforts to address a range of urgent common issues from corporate taxation to financial regulatory reform to corruption and climate change. I strongly endorse the Osaka Blue Ocean initiative aimed at reducing new plastic marine waste.\"\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\"I was also very pleased to participate in the Leaders’ event on women’s empowerment. I presented to Prime Minister Abe the IMF’s assessment of this issue as macro-critical for the global economy, and our analysis which shows that closing the gender gap could boost GDP significantly in Japan and many other countries.\"\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EIn conclusion, she said that while the global economy is currently at a precarious stage, with the right policies and working together, one can overcome the existing challenges\u0026nbsp;and set the world on a path of stronger, more sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EAt the end, she thanked the Government of Japan, the City of Osaka, and the people of Japan for their hosting of this Summit meeting.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/3260928097930576017"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/3260928097930576017"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2019\/06\/IMF-s-Christine-Lagarde-calls-for-stronger-intl-coop-005-06-2019-0059.html","title":"IMF's Christine Lagarde Calls for Stronger International Cooperation"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-p3ULIaODvz0\/XRb4xaiZmyI\/AAAAAAAADbk\/I-ilcYs4xmwUSLBpXsL2LsJf70y5aZeUACLcBGAs\/s72-c\/1615756-25961629.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"Osaka, Japan"},"georss$point":{"$t":"34.6937249 135.50225350000005"},"georss$box":{"$t":"34.484795399999996 135.17953000000006 34.9026544 135.82497700000005"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1461303524738926686.post-5261744103786438220"},"published":{"$t":"2019-04-02T06:05:00.000-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-04-02T06:05:00.530-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Featured"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Japan"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"News"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Reiwa —  Japan's New Era"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EBy IndraStra Global News Team\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-l5uUF2jaYIk\/XKMrd8OZVgI\/AAAAAAAAC00\/k5-fKOp70yUAGuK5VOZu3PjgRc-zFP0tACLcBGAs\/s1600\/800px-Yoshihide_Suga_announcing_new_imperial_era_Reiwa_2_%2528cropped%2529.jpg.webp\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Image Attribute: Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga announces the new Imperial era \u0026quot;Reiwa\u0026quot; to the press. \/ Date: April 1, 2019 \/ Source: Wikipedia\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"401\" data-original-width=\"799\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-l5uUF2jaYIk\/XKMrd8OZVgI\/AAAAAAAAC00\/k5-fKOp70yUAGuK5VOZu3PjgRc-zFP0tACLcBGAs\/s640\/800px-Yoshihide_Suga_announcing_new_imperial_era_Reiwa_2_%2528cropped%2529.jpg.webp\" title=\"Image Attribute: Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga announces the new Imperial era \u0026quot;Reiwa\u0026quot; to the press. \/ Date: April 1, 2019 \/ Source: Wikipedia\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EImage Attribute: Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga announces the new Imperial era \"Reiwa\" to the press. Japanese government unveiled the new era name for soon-to-be-emperor Naruhito, who will succeed the Chrysanthemum throne from his father on May 1, 2019.,\/ Date: April 1, 2019,\/ Source: Wikipedia\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EOn April 1, 2019, Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga announced that the new Imperial era will be named \u003Ci\u003EReiwa (Japanese: 令和時代 Hepburn: Reiwa jidai)\u003C\/i\u003E. He traditionally revealed the name through \u003Ci\u003Ekanji calligraphy \u003C\/i\u003Eon a board. The move is considered as one of the final steps toward initiating the nation’s first Imperial succession in three decades.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe era is expected to start on May 1, 2019, the day when Emperor Akihito's elder son, Naruhito, is expected to ascend to the throne as the 126th Emperor of Japan.\u0026nbsp;Emperor Akihito is expected to abdicate the \u003Ci\u003EChrysanthemum Throne\u003C\/i\u003E on April 30, 2019, marking the end of the \u003Ci\u003EHeisei period\u003C\/i\u003E. Each Japanese emperor's reign is given a name, or\u003Ci\u003E \"gengō\", \u003C\/i\u003Ethat is then used alongside the Western calendar to mark the years.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca class=\"gie-single\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gettyimages.in\/detail\/1134365062\" id=\"wvxcOpL3Qa5YVyGNUKldHg\" style=\"border: none; color: #a7a7a7; display: inline-block; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EEmbed from Getty Images\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cscript\u003Ewindow.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'wvxcOpL3Qa5YVyGNUKldHg',sig:'SpiUrgYDTXrPcZMQA0duaGu9Mrc0b4NkFKdxl6v9IGw=',w:'594px',h:'396px',items:'1134365062',caption: true ,tld:'in',is360: false })});\u003C\/script\u003E\u003Cscript async=\"\" charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"\/\/embed-cdn.gettyimages.com\/widgets.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe Meaning of Reiwa\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe first character,\u003Ci\u003E “rei,”\u003C\/i\u003E is often used to mean\u003Ci\u003E “order”\u003C\/i\u003E or \u003Ci\u003E“command,” \u003C\/i\u003Ewhich has an authoritarian nuance that offends some people. Prime Minister Shinzō Abe\u0026nbsp;and his government prefer \u003Ci\u003E“good”\u003C\/i\u003E or \u003Ci\u003E“beautiful”\u003C\/i\u003E, a lesser known meaning of the character. The second character, \u003Ci\u003E“wa,”\u003C\/i\u003E is defined as \u003Ci\u003E“peace”\u003C\/i\u003E or \u003Ci\u003E“harmony”\u003C\/i\u003E, so together the two characters mean \u003Ci\u003E“beautiful harmony.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003EMany Japanese people are not familiar with\u0026nbsp;the use\u0026nbsp;of \u003Ci\u003E“rei”\u003C\/i\u003E to mean \u003Ci\u003E\"good\"\u003C\/i\u003E. For most, the first phrase that comes to mind is likely to be \u003Ci\u003E“meirei,”\u003C\/i\u003E which literally means an \u003Ci\u003Eorder\u003C\/i\u003E or \u003Ci\u003Ecommand\u003C\/i\u003E from a supervisor.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EPrime Minister Abe also revealed that for the first time the name’s source was a Japanese classic —\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003E“Manyoshu,”\u003C\/i\u003E a 1,300-year-old poem, not a Chinese text as was the case in past era names. He further added, \u003Ci\u003E\"The name Reiwa means that culture is born and grows when people come together and care for each other beautifully.\"\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003EAccording to the Japan Times, the \u003Ci\u003EManyoshu\u003C\/i\u003E passage that inspired Reiwa was written by poet Otomo no Tabito as an introduction to 32 ume-themed poems penned by his poet friends, according to officials. In the introduction, \u003Ci\u003E“rei”\u003C\/i\u003E was used to refer to \u003Ci\u003E“reigetsu,”\u003C\/i\u003E or \u003Ci\u003E“auspicious month,”\u003C\/i\u003E while \u003Ci\u003E“wa” \u003C\/i\u003Edescribed the peaceful manner of an early spring breeze.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca class=\"gie-single\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gettyimages.in\/detail\/1134177802\" id=\"qIa7v0dNQbhTAfNobPa7xQ\" style=\"border: none; color: #a7a7a7; display: inline-block; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EEmbed from Getty Images\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cscript\u003Ewindow.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'qIa7v0dNQbhTAfNobPa7xQ',sig:'0Fc8UnJr9CsIVgzJOxapBfhI8A4J_tzERQma5RfAKs4=',w:'594px',h:'396px',items:'1134177802',caption: true ,tld:'in',is360: false })});\u003C\/script\u003E\u003Cscript async=\"\" charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"\/\/embed-cdn.gettyimages.com\/widgets.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EWith reporting by BBC, The Japan Times, and Reuters\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003E\u003Cscript async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-c6-3y+3v+0+c6\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7609865815468089\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3607324678\"\u003E\u003C\/ins\u003E\n\u003Cscript\u003E\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/5261744103786438220"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1461303524738926686\/posts\/default\/5261744103786438220"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.indrastra.com\/2019\/04\/Reiwa-Period-Announced-Japan-005-04-2019-0008.html","title":"Reiwa —  Japan's New Era"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-l5uUF2jaYIk\/XKMrd8OZVgI\/AAAAAAAAC00\/k5-fKOp70yUAGuK5VOZu3PjgRc-zFP0tACLcBGAs\/s72-c\/800px-Yoshihide_Suga_announcing_new_imperial_era_Reiwa_2_%2528cropped%2529.jpg.webp","height":"72","width":"72"},"georss$featurename":{"$t":"Tokyo, Japan"},"georss$point":{"$t":"35.6761919 139.6503106"},"georss$box":{"$t":"21.4479664 118.99601360000001 49.9044174 160.3046076"}}]}});